ANCC PMHNP Chapter 8 Exam with complete solutions

ANCC PMHNP Chapter 8 Exam with complete solutions Mood Disorders - Answer ️️ -Most common psych illnesses Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood - Answer ️️ -Major Depressive Disorder Often occurs without precipitating event - Answer ️️ -MDD Object loss theory - Answer ️️ -Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip Aggression turned inward theory of MDD - Answer ️️ -Freud Cognitive Theory - Answer ️️ -Beck Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory - Answer ️️ -Seligman Genetic predisposition - Answer ️️ -Strong genetic load for depression for child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD & 40% chance of depressive episode before age 18. Endocrine dysfunction Theory - Answer ️️ -Probably related to etiology of MDD Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy, anhedonia are neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the - Answer ️️ -Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy - Answer ️️ -A high incidence of postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - Answer ️️ -A theory of MDD, may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation of this system HPA axis - Answer ️️ -Controls the physiological response to stress and is composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland. Hypothalamus releases - Answer ️️ -corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) - Answer ️️ -Released by pituitary in response to CRH by hypothalamus Cortisol - Answer ️️ -Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH by pituitary gland Hyperactivity of the HPA axis - Answer ️️ -Demonstrated to be present in individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels Elevated cortisol levels - Answer ️️ -Over time damages the CNS by altering neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over time can cause changes in size and function of brain tissue Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) - Answer ️️ -Not commonly