HDFS 2433 Final Exam NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

HDFS 2433 Final Exam NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Cognition refers to... - ANSWER- thought processes partners have in their relationships What are schemas? - ANSWER- "thought maps" Our brain establishes links between connected topics, making it easier to move from one to the other Schemas result in... - ANSWER- certain positive or negative thoughts being associated with our partner or relationships in general What are attributions? - ANSWER- Assumptions we make about others We attribute certain reasons for other people's behaviors (ex. "She did that because she was tired.") What plays a large role in the success or failure of relationships? - ANSWERAttributions Distressed couples and attributions: - ANSWER- Use more attributions than non distressed couples Attributions are more negative Attribute partner's negative behavior to who they are (internal factors) Expectations are more negative Non distressed couples and attributions: - ANSWER- Attributions are more positive Attribute partner's positive behavior to who they are (internal factors) What is affect? - ANSWER- Someone's general mood state (Are they generally positive or negative? Reserved or outgoing?) What does emotion refer to? - ANSWER- Someone experiencing a specific emotion or emotional blend (Angry, sad, happy, afraid, etc.) Emotions that do not seem to be problematic in marriages: - ANSWER- anger Emotions that tend to be problematic in marriages: - ANSWER- high-intensity emotions such as contempt or disgust What are behaviors? - ANSWER- Things people do in relationships Are highly predictive of relationship success What is behavior driven by? - ANSWER- A cognition-emotion cycle Escalation vs. de-escalation - ANSWER- things go faster (fights and emotions) Reciprocity - ANSWER- trading Affection - ANSWER- good Repair attempts - ANSWER- in the moment try to figure it out/keep things positive Bids & turns - ANSWER- currency in relationship bank; never get bids back = negative outcome Pursue/withdraw - ANSWER- one raises issue other does not 5:1 ratio of behaviors - ANSWER- 5 positive: 1 negative Active listening - ANSWER- understanding and repeating it back Gottman's 4-Horsemen - ANSWER- Criticism Defensiveness Contempt Stonewalling Deescalation - ANSWER- Important to exit cycles of negativity Non-regulated couples are much more likely to divorce 5:1 ratio of behaviors 5 styles of marital conflict styles: - ANSWER- Validating - fairly stable Volatile - fairly stable Avoidant - fairly stable Hostile - usually lead to divorce Hostile/Detached - usually lead to divorce Validating Couples: - ANSWER- Able to let their partner know that they understand their perspective and consider their emotions and opinions valid, even if they don't agree Have fewer arguments and resolve them more quickly Follow a distinct pattern of problem discussion/resolution Validating Couples continued: - ANSWER- Resemble more traditional marriages where gender roles are well-defined (wife: nurturing/expressive; husband: rational/assertive) Danger of validating couples: - ANSWER- Marriage may become a passionless arrangement in which romance and selfhood are sacrificed for friendship and togetherness Volatile Couples: - ANSWER- Relationships characterized by intensity and passion, both positive and negative High level of engagement during discussions Jump right into the 'persuasion' phase of discussions Winning is what matters Volatile Couples continued: - ANSWER- Express more anger and more affection and laughter than the average couple More likely to see one another as equals and emphasize the importance of independence Problems of volatile couples: - ANSWER- frequent teasing, bickering, and debating can consume the marriage Avoidant couples: - ANSWER- "Conflict minimizers" Solving a problem usually means ignoring the difference, one partner agreeing to act more like the other, or just letting time take its course Share a philosophy that it's the relationship that matters most, not their own individual wants/differences Problems of avoidant couples: - ANSWER- experience problems when serious issue must be confronted in their relationship because they are left not knowing how to do so Partners run into the risk of becoming lonely. feeling like their spouse doesn't know or understand them What percent of the arguments that couples have are about perpetual problems? - ANSWER- 70% Perpetual problems are... - ANSWER- problems that will never be resolved rooted in personality differences and individual need differences Solvable problems are more... - ANSWER- situational