Bio 1P91 Midterm October Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Expert- Solutions | Latests update

Bio 1P91 Midterm October Verified Questions & Correct Answers | Expert- Solutions | Latests update elements of the scientific method - ANSWER characterization, generate hypothesis, experimentation, intemperate results an accepted hypothesis is aka - ANSWER theory Law or principal - ANSWER Accepted by overwhelming majority of scientists What do e- shells represent - ANSWER Energy state of an atom In water ionic bonds - ANSWER Dissociate Types of bonds - ANSWER Ionic, covalent, H bonds, vander wasps forces Electronegativity - ANSWER Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons. High EN - ANSWER Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur Low EN - ANSWER hydrogen and carbon Biological systems usually consist of which type of bonds - ANSWER C-H Carbone surrounded by H is a - ANSWER Hydrocarbon Hydrophobic - ANSWER Non-polar and water is repulsed Hydrophilic - ANSWER Polar and water is attracted Phospholipids in a cell membrane have - ANSWER A charged (-) head and non polar c-h tail. Hydrophobic inside membrane and hydrophilic parts outside. H in a water faces the charged heads and O2 the other way What type of bonds do water molecules make with each other - ANSWER Hydrogen bonds Vanderwaals forces - ANSWER Weaker than H bonds. Develop non polar molecules or non polar regions. Can briefly stabilize molecules. E- are shared equally but at individual times may not be Bases are proton - ANSWER acceptors Acids are proton - ANSWER donors Cell theory - ANSWER All organisms composed of 1 or more cells Carry out all essential life processes What do viruses lack - ANSWER Enzymes and must infect a living thing to reproduce Transmitance e- microscopes - ANSWER Thin or ultra thin segments bombarded by e- structures scatter and e- appear dark Scanning e- microscopes - ANSWER Beam of e- scatter across whole cell or organism to visualise surface Plasma membrane - ANSWER Desperate inside and outside of cell and is selectively permeable lipid balayer - ANSWER Prevents water solvable subst from crossing Transport protein and channels - ANSWER Allow some subst to cross membrane Cytosol - ANSWER Aq solution containing dissolved ions and organic molecules. Highly organized w many things to hold it together Cytoskeleton - ANSWER Framework of filamentous proteins, maintains shape and has a key role in cell division Organelles - ANSWER Organized structure w specific functions Prokaryotes - ANSWER No nucleus, ring form DNA in cytosol include bacteria and archea Eukaryotes - ANSWER Nucleus, DNA in membrane bound nucleus, cytosol has extensive membrane systems, fungi,plant, animal and protists Prokaryote DNA replication - ANSWER DNA is copied into mRNA and ribosomes use mRNA to assemble aa and proteins Eukaryotic nuclear structure - ANSWER DNA cooled in nucleus, nuclear pote complex and has many organelles Nuclear pote complex - ANSWER Cylindrical structure made up of nucleoporin protein Chromosome - ANSWER On ne complète DNA molécule e proteins attached to it Nucleus or nucleoli contain - ANSWER Gènes, encoding ribosomal RNA, gènes copied into rRNA which combines with proteins to form ribosomal sun units Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER) - ANSWER Interconnected network of channels and vesicles Rough ER - ANSWER Ribosomes on outer surface, synthesis of proteins that enter ER lumens to be modified and folded into final form, delivers proteins to regions in cell in small membrane bound vesicles that pinch off from ER Mitochondria - ANSWER Has 2 membranes, inner membrane in larges by Christie, responsible for cellular respiration, produces the most ATP, rxns occupé on the matrix Smoothie ER - ANSWER No ribosomes on outer surface, synthesizes lipids that become part of cell membranes. Vesicles will go to the cell membrane and become a part of it. Modified proteins do what - ANSWER Are sorted into vesicles that bud off the trans side How are proteins modified - ANSWER Chemically Secretory vesicles - ANSWER Produced by golgi or ER are tiny sacs where sécrétions can be transported endocytic vesicles - ANSWER Membrane bound, fuse with endosmoses to deliver cargo for further sorting Lysosomes - ANSWER Small membrane bound vésicles containing digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acid and polysaccharides Endocytisis - ANSWER the movement of materials into the cell from the cytoplasm for replenishing if vesicles and getting rid of stuff phagocytic cells - ANSWER cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or toxins matrix of mitochondria - ANSWER Contains DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria. Mitochondria synthesizes a small amount of its own protein Microtubules - ANSWER Composed of tubulin protein, alpha and beta tubulin bind non covalently to form helix w polarity. They can change their length as tubulin diners are added or removed and they are added