TCU Sawey 2017 Contemporary Issues in
Biology Exam 4
What do we need to do to food production in order to meet needs by 2050? - ANSfood
production must double to meet 2050 needs
Why don't we just make more farms and grow more food? - ANSmost land on earth is already
used by humans for other uses besides farming
Food Security - ANSphysical and economic access to food that meets people's dietary needs as
well as their food preferences
The three pillars that build food security - ANS-food availability: sufficient quantities of food
available on a consistent basis
-food access: having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet
-food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate
water and sanitation
Arguments over food security - ANS-there is enough food in the world to feed everyone
adequately; the problem is distribution
-future food needs can - or cannot - be met by current levels of production
-national food security is paramount - or no longer necessary because of global trade
-globalization may - or may not - lead to the persistence of food insecurity and poverty in rural
communities
Five Step Plan to Feed the World - ANS1) freeze agriculture's footprint 2) grow more on farms
we've got 3) use resources more efficiently 4) shift diets 5) reduce waste
Galileo's view of the solar system vs. The Catholic Church's view - ANS-galileo believed the
copernican view that the sun was the center of the solar system (not earth)
-the church believed in the ptolemaic system that earth was the center of the universe
Charles Darwin, the Theory of Evolution, and The Origin of Species - ANS-his theory said that
there was one(or perhaps several) original forms of life and that all other forms that we have
today branched off from that ancestral line
-he proposed that natural selection was the mechanism that accounted for the changes in forms
over time
-his book, the origin of species, was published in the 1850's and completely changed the way
scientists viewed the diversity of life on Earth
, Christian views on evolution - ANSsome christians who believe in a literal interpretation of the
bible feels that evolution is a threat to their religious views because of the example that genesis
states that God created the heavens, earth and all forms of life in 6 days
Scopes trial in 1925 - ANSthe scopes trial was the most famous evolution trial; scopes was a
general science teacher who broke a law in tennessee by teaching evolution instead of creation;
he was convicted and fined
Supreme Court rulings involving evolution - ANSthe u.s. supreme court has continually ruled in
favor of teaching evolution in public schools, based on the principle of separation of church and
state
Estimated age of the universe - ANS8-12 billion years old
Age the universe was thought to be before the hubble telescope - ANS20 billion years old
Age of earth - ANS4.6 billion years old
How and where did life arise on earth? - ANSalthough there are many hypotheses the question
is still unanswered
Oldest fossil on earth - ANS3.5 billion year old bacteria, stromatolite
Amount of known species on earth - ANS1,750,000
Evolution by natural selection - ANS1) individuals within species are variable (pre-existing
genetic variation) 2) some variation passed to offspring (heritable) 3) more offspring are
produced than can survive 4) survival and reproduction are not random (the individuals that
survive and reproduce, or who reproduce the most, are those with the most favorable variations)
Examples of agents of natural selection - ANSdisease, predators, water availability and
temperature
What is evidence for natural selection? - ANSextinction
What percent of all species that ever existed are extinct? - ANS99%; this number is derived
from the large number of fossils found of preserved organisms no longer found on earth
How does DNA evidence support the theory of evolution? - ANSall living organisms on the
planet (from bacteria to humans) share genetic material made from the same building blocks
and each organism uses their genetic material in exactly the same way to code for proteins
Anatomical evidence of Common Descent - ANSwhen looking at the limb bones of evolutionary
related organisms, homologous structures are present in each; this similarity in design supports
Biology Exam 4
What do we need to do to food production in order to meet needs by 2050? - ANSfood
production must double to meet 2050 needs
Why don't we just make more farms and grow more food? - ANSmost land on earth is already
used by humans for other uses besides farming
Food Security - ANSphysical and economic access to food that meets people's dietary needs as
well as their food preferences
The three pillars that build food security - ANS-food availability: sufficient quantities of food
available on a consistent basis
-food access: having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet
-food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate
water and sanitation
Arguments over food security - ANS-there is enough food in the world to feed everyone
adequately; the problem is distribution
-future food needs can - or cannot - be met by current levels of production
-national food security is paramount - or no longer necessary because of global trade
-globalization may - or may not - lead to the persistence of food insecurity and poverty in rural
communities
Five Step Plan to Feed the World - ANS1) freeze agriculture's footprint 2) grow more on farms
we've got 3) use resources more efficiently 4) shift diets 5) reduce waste
Galileo's view of the solar system vs. The Catholic Church's view - ANS-galileo believed the
copernican view that the sun was the center of the solar system (not earth)
-the church believed in the ptolemaic system that earth was the center of the universe
Charles Darwin, the Theory of Evolution, and The Origin of Species - ANS-his theory said that
there was one(or perhaps several) original forms of life and that all other forms that we have
today branched off from that ancestral line
-he proposed that natural selection was the mechanism that accounted for the changes in forms
over time
-his book, the origin of species, was published in the 1850's and completely changed the way
scientists viewed the diversity of life on Earth
, Christian views on evolution - ANSsome christians who believe in a literal interpretation of the
bible feels that evolution is a threat to their religious views because of the example that genesis
states that God created the heavens, earth and all forms of life in 6 days
Scopes trial in 1925 - ANSthe scopes trial was the most famous evolution trial; scopes was a
general science teacher who broke a law in tennessee by teaching evolution instead of creation;
he was convicted and fined
Supreme Court rulings involving evolution - ANSthe u.s. supreme court has continually ruled in
favor of teaching evolution in public schools, based on the principle of separation of church and
state
Estimated age of the universe - ANS8-12 billion years old
Age the universe was thought to be before the hubble telescope - ANS20 billion years old
Age of earth - ANS4.6 billion years old
How and where did life arise on earth? - ANSalthough there are many hypotheses the question
is still unanswered
Oldest fossil on earth - ANS3.5 billion year old bacteria, stromatolite
Amount of known species on earth - ANS1,750,000
Evolution by natural selection - ANS1) individuals within species are variable (pre-existing
genetic variation) 2) some variation passed to offspring (heritable) 3) more offspring are
produced than can survive 4) survival and reproduction are not random (the individuals that
survive and reproduce, or who reproduce the most, are those with the most favorable variations)
Examples of agents of natural selection - ANSdisease, predators, water availability and
temperature
What is evidence for natural selection? - ANSextinction
What percent of all species that ever existed are extinct? - ANS99%; this number is derived
from the large number of fossils found of preserved organisms no longer found on earth
How does DNA evidence support the theory of evolution? - ANSall living organisms on the
planet (from bacteria to humans) share genetic material made from the same building blocks
and each organism uses their genetic material in exactly the same way to code for proteins
Anatomical evidence of Common Descent - ANSwhen looking at the limb bones of evolutionary
related organisms, homologous structures are present in each; this similarity in design supports
