Marine Biology 101- Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology questions and answers well illustrated.

Marine Biology 101- Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology questions and answers well illustrated. Marine Biology can best be described as... - correct answers.- The study of life - The study of the marine environment - The study of marine animals An oceanographer might study... - correct answers.The influence of the Loop Current on seasonal growth of open-sea algae Ancient people often had knowledge of... - correct answers.Edible shellfish Modern biologists still might consult the results of the Challenger expedition in order to... - correct answers.Compare their deep-sea specimens with those taken by this expedition The voyages of Captain Cook provided... - correct answers.Reliable navigational charts One of the earliest influential American marine biologists was... - correct answers.Louis Agassiz What technology allowed marine biologists to descend below the surface and observe marine organisms in their environment? - correct answers.Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus What is an underwater robotic system that allows for wide-ranging observations of the marine environment? - correct answers.ROV What new technology has advanced our understanding of large-scale ocean features such as ocean currents? - correct answers.Remote sensing Is sonar based on the use of radio waves to penetrate water and thus probe the depths of the oceans? - correct answers.NO What best describes the scientific method? - correct answers.A systematic means of observing and reasoning Can a scientific theory be based upon an untested hypothesis? - correct answers.NO What is an example of a valid scientific hypothesis? - correct answers.Moray eels find their prey by following chemical cues A swimmer sees a large blue jellyfish nearby. Jellyfishes are known to sting, so the swimmer moves away. What did the swimmer do? - correct answers.Used deductive reasoning What is a property of a scientific theory? - correct answers.It agrees with available evidence and all alternative hypotheses have been ruled out A marine biologist wishes to test the hypothesis that heavy grazing by snails causes the alga Ulva to stay short rather than grow upright. What variable could be manipulated successfully at the seashore to test this hypothesis? - correct answers.Put a small cage around the algae to keep snails from eating them and then see if the protected algae are taller than unprotected ones Old stories tell of gigantic sea serpents, possibly ancient reptiles called plesiosaurs. To prove that they still exist, the most useful scientific evidence would be what? - correct answers.A fresh skull with flesh still attached New technology, such as AUVs, allows scientists to observe marine mammals in what situation? - correct answers.Underwater in the open sea Automated floats such as the argo system can be used to... - correct answers.Measure water temperature at 2000 m Why study marine biology? - correct answers.- Life on earth probably originated in the sea - Medical advances - Human wealth, food, medicine, raw materials, etc. - Marine life helps determine the nature of our planet - Produce about half of Oxygen we breathe - Help regulate earth's climate - Shorelines are shaped and protected by marine life - Some help create new land - To make full and wise use of the sea - To solve problems marine organisms create - To predict the effects of human activities on the ocean - Marine organisms provide clues about earth's past, the history of life, and our own bodies Oceanography - correct answers.Study of the oceans Marine biology is most closely related to... - correct answers.Biological oceanography Difference between marine biology and biological oceanography - correct answers.- Marine biologists study organisms living close to the shore, whereas biological oceanographers focus on life in the open ocean (far from land) - Marine biologists study marine life from the perspective of the organisms, while biological oceanographers take the perspective of the ocean - Many exceptions (many marine scientists consider them to be the same) As people gained skills in seamanship and navigation, what did they also gain? - correct answers.Knowledge of the ocean Who was the first marine biologist? - correct answers.Aristotle! Dark Ages - correct answers.- Scientific inquiry came to a halt in most of Europe - Much knowledge was lost or distorted - Not all exploration of the ocean stopped - Vikings explored northern Atlantic (Leif Eriksson) - Arab traders Renaissance - correct answers.- Europeans began to investigate the world again and several undertook voyages of exploration - Columbus rediscovered the New World in 1492 - Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519 - Fairly accurate maps began to appear - James Cook was the first to include a naturalist and explored all the oceans. He used a chronometers to determine longitude and prepared charts and brought back specimens - Darwin - HMS Beagle - Theory of evolution by natural selection - Atolls, plankton, barnacles "Wilkes Expedition" - correct answers.- Charted coast of Antarctica and Pacific Northwest of North America - Explored islands in South Pacific - 10000 biological specimens (2000 unknown) - First international survey sponsored by the US government - Laid foundation for government funding of scientific research The Challenger Expedition - correct answers.- Edward Forbes: - Zonation - Inspired interest in life of sea floor - Scientific equipment on board was the best of its day - Gathered information and collected water, sediment, and biological samples - Brought back a TON of information!!!! - Set new standards for ocean research: - Collected data in a more SYSTEMATIC way - Got a picture of what the ocean looked like and biodiversity which laid the foundations of modern marine science Limitations of early marine science - correct answers.- Most scientists could only see dead specimens, but they needed live ones to know how they actually lived