Duurzame ontwikkeling
H6: The human population and its impact
6.1 How many people can the earth support?
Concept 6-1 We do not know how long we can continue increasing the earth’s carrying
capacity for humans without seriously degrading the life-support system that keeps us and
many other species alive
Factors for population increase:
Humans developed the ability to expand into almost all of the planet’s climate zones
and habitats
The emergence of early and modern agriculture allowed us to grow more food for
each unit of land area farmed
Death rates dropped sharply because of improved sanitation and health care and
development of antibiotics and vaccines
Cultural carrying capacity – the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable
freedom and comfort without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future
generations
6.2 What factors influence the size of the human population?
Concept 6-2A Population size increases through births and immigration, and decreases
through deaths and emigration
Concept 6-2B The average number of children born to women in a population (total fertility
rate) is the key factor that determines population size
Crude birth rate – the number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year
Crude death rate – the number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given year
Human populations grow or decline through the interplay of three factors:
Births
Deaths
Migration
Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
Fertility rate – the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
Replacement-level fertility rate – the average number of children that couples in a
population must bear to replace themselves
Total fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of children born to women in a
population during their reproductive years determining population size
Factors that affect birth rates and fertility rates
Importance of children as a part of the labor force
H6: The human population and its impact
6.1 How many people can the earth support?
Concept 6-1 We do not know how long we can continue increasing the earth’s carrying
capacity for humans without seriously degrading the life-support system that keeps us and
many other species alive
Factors for population increase:
Humans developed the ability to expand into almost all of the planet’s climate zones
and habitats
The emergence of early and modern agriculture allowed us to grow more food for
each unit of land area farmed
Death rates dropped sharply because of improved sanitation and health care and
development of antibiotics and vaccines
Cultural carrying capacity – the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable
freedom and comfort without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future
generations
6.2 What factors influence the size of the human population?
Concept 6-2A Population size increases through births and immigration, and decreases
through deaths and emigration
Concept 6-2B The average number of children born to women in a population (total fertility
rate) is the key factor that determines population size
Crude birth rate – the number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year
Crude death rate – the number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given year
Human populations grow or decline through the interplay of three factors:
Births
Deaths
Migration
Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
Fertility rate – the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
Replacement-level fertility rate – the average number of children that couples in a
population must bear to replace themselves
Total fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of children born to women in a
population during their reproductive years determining population size
Factors that affect birth rates and fertility rates
Importance of children as a part of the labor force
