Physiology Test Bank: Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology & Homeostasis verified answers and questions 2023.

Physiology Test Bank: Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology & Homeostasis verified answers and questions 2023. Physiology is best defined as the _____ a. study of all living things b. study of the bodily functions of living things c. study of human relationships d. maintenance of body temperature e. maintenance of physical fitness - correct answers.b. study of the bodily functions of living things What are the most basic building blocks of matter? a. tissue b. cells c. atoms d. bones e. amino acids - correct answers.c. atoms What are the 4 most common chemical elements in the human body? a. water, salt, protein, & fat b. iron, carbon, oxygen, & potassium c. blood, muscle, fat, & bone d. collagen, glucosamine, chondroitin, & cartilage e. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen - correct answers.e. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen Approximately how many red blood cells are replaced per minute in the human body on average? a. 150,000,000 b. 50,000,000 c. 5,000,000 d. 500,000 e. 5,000 - correct answers.a. 150,000,000 Which structure encloses the cells of the human body? a. a carbon shell b. an electron cluster c. microvilli d. a plasma membrane e. a protective protein sheath - correct answers.d. a plasma membrane The human body is made up of approximately how many specialized cell types? a. 400 b. 200 c. 100 d. 50 e. 25 - correct answers.b. 200 What occurs when a cell differentiates? a. it becomes specialized to perform a particular function b. it stops using nutrients & dies c. it morphs into a faster dividing cell d. it divides into other cells that contain a lesser number of chromosomes e. it becomes physically larger & more complex - correct answers.a. it becomes specialized to perform a particular function Which progression represents the correct hierarchy of organization, from simpler to more complex? a. atom, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism b. tissue, cell, system, organism, organ, body c. system, atom, cell, organ, tissue, organism d. atom, molecule, compound, cell, body, organism e. chemical, cell, organ, tissue, system, organism - correct answers.a. atom, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for exchanging materials with the environment? a. connective b. muscle c. bone d. nervous e. epithelial - correct answers.e. epithelial What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for transmitting messages? a. connective b. muscle c. bone d. nervous e. epithelial - correct answers.d. nervous Which 2 cell types lose the ability to reproduce soon after they are formed? a. skin cells & heart cells b. epithelial cells & muscle cells c. nerve cells & muscle cells d. kidney cells & pancreatic cells e. connective cells & nerve cells - correct answers.c. nerve cells & muscle cells Of the different muscle types, which one can be voluntarily controlled? a. smooth b. arterial c. cardiac d. skeletal e. heart - correct answers.d. skeletal What are the 4 primary tissue types? a. muscle, nervous, epithelial, & connective b. bone, nerves, brain, & skin c. epithelial, nervous, cardiovascular, & alimentary d. skin, epithelial, connective, & integumentary e. contractile, protective, absorptive, & integumentary - correct answers.a. muscle, nervous, epithelial, & connective Epithelial tissue is organized into what 2 general types of structures? a. cells & cell walls b. ducts & nuclei c. epithelial sheets & secretory glands d. protective & absorptive e. epithelial sheets & cell membranes - correct answers.c. epithelial sheets & secretory glands The 2 main categories of glands are called _____ a. secretive & absorptive b. endocrine & exocrine c. internal & external d. embryonic & latent e. ducted & ductless - correct answers.b. endocrine & exocrine What kind of glands secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or cavity open to the outside)? a. endocrine b. embryonic c. external d. latent e. exocrine - correct answers.e. exocrine What are 2 examples of exocrine glands? a. sweat glands & glands that secrete digestive juices b. mammary glands & the pancreas c. the bladder & the kidneys d. thyroid gland & sweat glands e. pancreas & the pituitary gland - correct answers.a. sweat glands & glands that secrete digestive juices What are 2 examples of connective tissue? a. muscle & tendons b. bone & tendons c. ligaments & nerves d. cartilage & skin e. blood & muscle - correct answers.b. bone & tendons What compound/molecule produced by connective tissue is a rubber band-like protein fiber? a. fibrin b. fibrinogen c. elastin d. glucosamine e. chondroitin - correct answers.c. elastin What is the best definition of a body system? a. the containment of functional tissues b. a collection of diverse specialized cells c. a multi-cellular life form d. an integrated collection of related organs e. a living being capable of cognition - correct answers.d. an integrated collection of related organs How many body systems does the human body contain? a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9 e. 11 - correct answers.e. 11 What type of fluid resides within cells? a. systemic b. extracellular c. ribosomal d. intracellular e. plasma - correct answers.d. intracellular The extracellular fluid is made up of which 2 components? a. lymph & plasma b. cellular matrix & globular filtrate c. plasma & interstitial fluid d. white blood cells & lymph e. red blood cells & interstitial fluid - correct answers.c. plasma & interstitial fluid Broadly speaking, how many internal factors in the body must be homeostatically maintained? a. 9 b. 7 c. 5 d. 4 e. 3 - correct answers.b. 7 What do human cells require to carry out energy-yielding chemical reactions? a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. salt d. ATP molecules e. sunlight - correct answers.a. oxygen What does "pH" measure? a. the % of potassium in the extracellular fluid b. the amount of phosphorus in the intracellular fluid c. the relative amount of acidity based on hydrogen ions d. the energy producing ability of a cell e. the % of water in the interstitial fluid - correct answers.c. the relative amount of acidity based on hydrogen ions Electrolytes are best defined as: a. chemicals that form ions in solution & conduct electricity b. chemicals that generate electricity c. compounds that form molecules without electrons d. salts that exchange covalent electrons e. salts that increase pH levels - correct answers.a. chemicals that form ions in solution & conduct electricity What electrolyte does the heart rely on most in order to keep a rhythmic beat? a. potassium b. phosphorus c. magnesium d. iron e. sodium - correct answers.a. potassium How many body systems contribute to homeostasis? a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11 e. 15 - correct answers.d. 11 The integumentary system consists of: a. connective tissue such as ligaments & tendons b. everything related to the cardiovascular system c. muscles & bones d. nerves & ganglions e. the skin & related structures - correct answers.e. the skin & related structures Which mineral is most important for muscle movement & is stored in the skeletal system? a. magnesium b. iron c. calcium d. phosphorus e. boron - correct answers.c. calcium By what means does the endocrine system regulate bodily processes? a. nerves b. electrolytes c. minerals such as calcium d. carbon dioxide e. hormones - correct answers.e. hormones What are the 3 actions that the body's control system must perform in order to maintain homeostasis? a. control the external environment, record information, & make adjustments b. control the internal environment, record information, & detect deviation c. detect information, integrate internal environment, & control changes d. detect deviations, control temperature, & maintain pH e. detect deviations, integrate information, & make appropriate adjustments - correct answers.e. detect deviations, integrate information, & make appropriate adjustments What are the 2 classes of homeostatic control systems? a. conscious & unconscious b. intrinsic & extrinsic c. intrinsic & internal d. extrinsic & external e. automated & reflex - correct answers.b. intrinsic & extrinsic Homeostatic control systems resist change by operating on what primary principle? a. the principle of positive feedback b. the principle of negative feedback c. the principle of integration d. the principle of assimilation e. the principle of deactivation - correct answers.b. the principle of negative feedback The output in a positive feedback system becomes ______ a. inactivated b. static c. externalized d. amplified e. dampened - correct answers.d. amplified