HESI CAT TEST BANK 2022/2023 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION;(Everything you need is here)
A nurse is counseling the spouse of a client who has a history of alcohol abuse.
What does the nurse explain is the main reason for drinking alcohol in people
with a long history of alcohol abuse?
1
They are dependent on it.
2
They lack the motivation to stop.
3
They use it for coping.
4
They enjoy the associated socialization.
1
Alcohol causes both physical and psychological dependence; the individual needs the
alcohol to function. Alcoholism is a disorder that entails physical and psychological
dependence. Because alcohol is so physiologically addictive, the client's body craves
the alcohol, so most clients lack the motivation to stop because they will go into
withdrawal. Clients who abuse alcohol have numbed their ability to utilize other coping
mechanisms, so alcohol is used as an excuse for coping. People with alcoholism
usually drink alone or feel alone in a crowd; socialization is not the prime reason for
their drinking.
How do adolescents establish family identity during psychosocial development?
Select all that apply.
1
By acting independently to make his or her own decisions
2
By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being
3
By fostering his or her own development within a balanced family structure
4
By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society
5
By achieving marked physical changes
13
An adolescent establishes family identity by acting independently for taking important
decisions about self. They also need to foster their development along with maintaining
a balanced family structure. Health identity is associated with the evaluation of one's
own health with a feeling of well-being. By building close peer relationships, an
adolescent develops a sense of belonging, approval, and the opportunity to learn
acceptable behavior. These actions establish an adolescent's group identity. The sound
and healthy growth of the adolescent, with marked physical changes, helps to build an
adolescent's sexual identity.
,A clinic nurse observes a 2-year-old client sitting alone, rocking and staring at a
small, shiny top that she is spinning. Later the father relates his concerns,
stating, "She pushes me away. She doesn't speak, and she only shows feelings
when I take her top away. Is it something I've done?" What is the most
therapeutic initial response by the nurse?
1
Asking the father about his relationship with his wife
2
Asking the father how he held the child when she was an infant
3
Telling the father that it is nothing he has done and sharing the nurse's
observations of the child
4
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow
this developmental phase
3
The nurse provides support in a nonjudgmental way by sharing information and
observations about the child. This child exhibits symptoms of autism, which is not
attributable to the actions of the parents. Asking the father about his relationship with his
wife or how he held the child when she was an infant indirectly indicates that the parent
may be at fault; it negates the father's need for support and increases his sense of guilt.
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow this
developmental phase is false reassurance that does not provide support; the father
recognizes that something is wrong.
What is most appropriate for a nurse to say when interviewing a newly admitted
depressed client whose thoughts are focused on feelings of worthlessness and
failure?
1
"Tell me how you feel about yourself."
2
"Tell me what has been bothering you."
3
"Why do you feel so bad about yourself?"
4
"What can we do to help you while you're here?"
1
Because major depression is a result of the client's feelings of self-rejection, it is
important for the nurse to have the client initially identify these feelings before
developing a plan of care. Later discussion should be focused on other topics to prevent
reinforcement of negative thoughts and feelings. "Tell me what has been bothering you"
is asking the client to draw a conclusion; the client may be unable to do so at this time.
Also, depression may be related not to external events but instead to a client's
psychobiology. Asking why does not let a client explore feelings; it usually elicits an "I
don't know" response. "What can we do to help you while you're here?" is beyond the
scope of the client's abilities at this time.
,A client is admitted to the mental health unit with the diagnosis of major
depressive disorder. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of a
suicide attempt?
1
"I don't feel too good today."
2
"I feel much better; today is a lovely day."
3
"I feel a little better, but it probably won't last."
4
"I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower."
2
A rapid mood upswing and psychomotor change may signal that the client has made a
decision and has developed a plan for suicide. "I don't feel too good today"; "I feel a little
better, but it probably won't last"; and "I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little
slower" are all typical of the depressed client; none of these statements signals a
change in mood.
During a group discussion it is learned that a group member hid suicidal urges
and committed suicide several days ago. What should the nurse leading the
group be prepared to manage?
1
Guilt of the co-leaders for failing to anticipate and prevent the suicide
2
Guilt of group members because they could not prevent another's suicide
3
Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by several of the members in the
group
4
Fear by some members that their own suicidal urges may go unnoticed and that
they may go unprotected
4
Ambivalence about life and death, plus the introspection commonly found in clients with
emotional problems, can lead to increased anxiety and fear among the group members.
These feelings must be handled within the support and supervisory systems for the
staff; the group members are the primary concern. Guilt that the group's leaders or
members might feel because they could not prevent another's suicide will probably be a
secondary concern of the group leader. Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by
several of the members in the group is not a primary concern, but this should be
explored later to determine the reason for such apparent indifference, which may be a
mask to cover true feelings.
Which screening report will help the nurse determine skeletal growth in a child?
1
Electroencephalogram reports
2
Radiographs of the hand and wrist
3
, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4
Denver Developmental Screening Test
2
Skeletal growth in a child can be determined from the ossification centers. At 5 to 6
months of age, the capitate and hamate bones in the wrist are the earliest centers.
Therefore radiographs of the hand and wrist will help determine skeletal growth in the
child. Electroencephalogram reports will help assess a child's brain activity. MRI is used
to scan the internal structures of a client. The Denver Developmental Screening Test is
used to understand developmental issues of a child.
A client describes his delusions in minute detail to the nurse. How should the
nurse respond?
1
Changing the topic to reality-based events
2
Continuing to discuss the delusion with the client
3
Getting the client involved in a social project with peers
4
Disputing the perceptions with the use of logical thinking
1
Decreasing time spent on delusions prevents reinforcement of psychotic thinking.
Discussing reality-based events improves contact with reality. Encouraging discussion
will give validity to the delusion. The client will have difficulty getting involved in a social
activity; the activity will not stop the delusion. Challenging the client may increase
anxiety.
A nurse working on a mental health unit is caring for several clients who are at
risk for suicide. Which client is at the greatest risk for successful suicide?
1
Young adult who is acutely psychotic
2
Adolescent who was recently sexually abused
3
Older single man just found to have pancreatic cancer
4
Middle-age woman experiencing dysfunctional grieving
3
Older single men with chronic health problems are at the highest risk of suicide. This is
because men have fewer social supports than women do. (Men are less social then
women in general.) Less social support at times of stress can increase the risk of
suicide. Also, chronic health problems can lead to learned helplessness, which can lead
to depression. People who are acutely psychotic as a group are at higher risk for
suicide, but they do not have the suicide rate of older single adult men with chronic
health problems. An adolescent who was recently sexually abused, although severely
traumatized, does not have the risk of suicide of an older single man with chronic health
problems. Dysfunctional grieving is prolonged grieving that is characterized by greater
SOLUTION;(Everything you need is here)
A nurse is counseling the spouse of a client who has a history of alcohol abuse.
What does the nurse explain is the main reason for drinking alcohol in people
with a long history of alcohol abuse?
1
They are dependent on it.
2
They lack the motivation to stop.
3
They use it for coping.
4
They enjoy the associated socialization.
1
Alcohol causes both physical and psychological dependence; the individual needs the
alcohol to function. Alcoholism is a disorder that entails physical and psychological
dependence. Because alcohol is so physiologically addictive, the client's body craves
the alcohol, so most clients lack the motivation to stop because they will go into
withdrawal. Clients who abuse alcohol have numbed their ability to utilize other coping
mechanisms, so alcohol is used as an excuse for coping. People with alcoholism
usually drink alone or feel alone in a crowd; socialization is not the prime reason for
their drinking.
How do adolescents establish family identity during psychosocial development?
Select all that apply.
1
By acting independently to make his or her own decisions
2
By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being
3
By fostering his or her own development within a balanced family structure
4
By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society
5
By achieving marked physical changes
13
An adolescent establishes family identity by acting independently for taking important
decisions about self. They also need to foster their development along with maintaining
a balanced family structure. Health identity is associated with the evaluation of one's
own health with a feeling of well-being. By building close peer relationships, an
adolescent develops a sense of belonging, approval, and the opportunity to learn
acceptable behavior. These actions establish an adolescent's group identity. The sound
and healthy growth of the adolescent, with marked physical changes, helps to build an
adolescent's sexual identity.
,A clinic nurse observes a 2-year-old client sitting alone, rocking and staring at a
small, shiny top that she is spinning. Later the father relates his concerns,
stating, "She pushes me away. She doesn't speak, and she only shows feelings
when I take her top away. Is it something I've done?" What is the most
therapeutic initial response by the nurse?
1
Asking the father about his relationship with his wife
2
Asking the father how he held the child when she was an infant
3
Telling the father that it is nothing he has done and sharing the nurse's
observations of the child
4
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow
this developmental phase
3
The nurse provides support in a nonjudgmental way by sharing information and
observations about the child. This child exhibits symptoms of autism, which is not
attributable to the actions of the parents. Asking the father about his relationship with his
wife or how he held the child when she was an infant indirectly indicates that the parent
may be at fault; it negates the father's need for support and increases his sense of guilt.
Telling the father not to be concerned and stressing that the child will outgrow this
developmental phase is false reassurance that does not provide support; the father
recognizes that something is wrong.
What is most appropriate for a nurse to say when interviewing a newly admitted
depressed client whose thoughts are focused on feelings of worthlessness and
failure?
1
"Tell me how you feel about yourself."
2
"Tell me what has been bothering you."
3
"Why do you feel so bad about yourself?"
4
"What can we do to help you while you're here?"
1
Because major depression is a result of the client's feelings of self-rejection, it is
important for the nurse to have the client initially identify these feelings before
developing a plan of care. Later discussion should be focused on other topics to prevent
reinforcement of negative thoughts and feelings. "Tell me what has been bothering you"
is asking the client to draw a conclusion; the client may be unable to do so at this time.
Also, depression may be related not to external events but instead to a client's
psychobiology. Asking why does not let a client explore feelings; it usually elicits an "I
don't know" response. "What can we do to help you while you're here?" is beyond the
scope of the client's abilities at this time.
,A client is admitted to the mental health unit with the diagnosis of major
depressive disorder. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of a
suicide attempt?
1
"I don't feel too good today."
2
"I feel much better; today is a lovely day."
3
"I feel a little better, but it probably won't last."
4
"I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little slower."
2
A rapid mood upswing and psychomotor change may signal that the client has made a
decision and has developed a plan for suicide. "I don't feel too good today"; "I feel a little
better, but it probably won't last"; and "I'm really tired today, so I'll take things a little
slower" are all typical of the depressed client; none of these statements signals a
change in mood.
During a group discussion it is learned that a group member hid suicidal urges
and committed suicide several days ago. What should the nurse leading the
group be prepared to manage?
1
Guilt of the co-leaders for failing to anticipate and prevent the suicide
2
Guilt of group members because they could not prevent another's suicide
3
Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by several of the members in the
group
4
Fear by some members that their own suicidal urges may go unnoticed and that
they may go unprotected
4
Ambivalence about life and death, plus the introspection commonly found in clients with
emotional problems, can lead to increased anxiety and fear among the group members.
These feelings must be handled within the support and supervisory systems for the
staff; the group members are the primary concern. Guilt that the group's leaders or
members might feel because they could not prevent another's suicide will probably be a
secondary concern of the group leader. Lack of concern over the suicide expressed by
several of the members in the group is not a primary concern, but this should be
explored later to determine the reason for such apparent indifference, which may be a
mask to cover true feelings.
Which screening report will help the nurse determine skeletal growth in a child?
1
Electroencephalogram reports
2
Radiographs of the hand and wrist
3
, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4
Denver Developmental Screening Test
2
Skeletal growth in a child can be determined from the ossification centers. At 5 to 6
months of age, the capitate and hamate bones in the wrist are the earliest centers.
Therefore radiographs of the hand and wrist will help determine skeletal growth in the
child. Electroencephalogram reports will help assess a child's brain activity. MRI is used
to scan the internal structures of a client. The Denver Developmental Screening Test is
used to understand developmental issues of a child.
A client describes his delusions in minute detail to the nurse. How should the
nurse respond?
1
Changing the topic to reality-based events
2
Continuing to discuss the delusion with the client
3
Getting the client involved in a social project with peers
4
Disputing the perceptions with the use of logical thinking
1
Decreasing time spent on delusions prevents reinforcement of psychotic thinking.
Discussing reality-based events improves contact with reality. Encouraging discussion
will give validity to the delusion. The client will have difficulty getting involved in a social
activity; the activity will not stop the delusion. Challenging the client may increase
anxiety.
A nurse working on a mental health unit is caring for several clients who are at
risk for suicide. Which client is at the greatest risk for successful suicide?
1
Young adult who is acutely psychotic
2
Adolescent who was recently sexually abused
3
Older single man just found to have pancreatic cancer
4
Middle-age woman experiencing dysfunctional grieving
3
Older single men with chronic health problems are at the highest risk of suicide. This is
because men have fewer social supports than women do. (Men are less social then
women in general.) Less social support at times of stress can increase the risk of
suicide. Also, chronic health problems can lead to learned helplessness, which can lead
to depression. People who are acutely psychotic as a group are at higher risk for
suicide, but they do not have the suicide rate of older single adult men with chronic
health problems. An adolescent who was recently sexually abused, although severely
traumatized, does not have the risk of suicide of an older single man with chronic health
problems. Dysfunctional grieving is prolonged grieving that is characterized by greater
