BIO 181 Final NCSU, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. VERIFIED.

BIO 181 Final NCSU, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. VERIFIED. Which of the following is the biological organization of hierarchical ordered complexity of life that we will be covering in this course? - -Organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere The following scenario is likely to result in evolution: A pregnant woman spends too much time in the sun and suffers severe sunburn. The sunlight causes genetic changes to the DNA in her skin. - -False. This is an example of Lamarckian theory; it will not lead to changes in a population because the changes that have occurred are not heritable/ will not inherited by the offspring. The following scenario is likely to result in evolution: Toxic levels of heavy metals are dumped as waste from coal mines. Initially, no plants will grow on the waste dump; but eventually, some grasses begin to colonize the dump sites and reproduce. - -True. This is likely to result in evolution since heritable changes are occurring in the DNA of germ-line cells of the population that is allowing the colonizing plants to be resistant to the metal toxicity. Thus, it is likely that future offspring will inherit these traits as well. Darwin's work on the Galapagos Islands led him to derive all of the following concepts, EXCEPT: - -Inheriting acquired characteristics Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation most likely due to being hunted. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Since then, their population has rebounded to over 30,000, but the genes still have much less variation than the genes in a population of Southern elephant seals that were never hunted. This is an example of... - -Bottleneck Effect Cladogenesis/branching evolution - -Species splits into two genetically-distinct populations adapted to different ecosystems and/or survival strategies Anagenesis/phyletic evolution - -When population of entire species changes on genetic level without a split Our ancestors had much bigger jaws than we do, which helped them chew a tough diet, tear apart meat, etc. Their teeth also wore down quickly. Wisdom teeth (third molars) grew later in life, and helped our ancestors continue to eat. Today, ~35% of people are born without wisdom teeth. This is an example of: - -Evolution Two members of the initial Amish migration to Pennsylvania in 1744 shared the recessive allele for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, which results in a long narrow chest and shortening of the limbs. More Amish people have these traits than the surrounding non-Amish population. This is an example of... - -Founder Effect In one to two sentences, describe one contribution that Alfred Russel Wallace made to the theory of evolution. - - A population that is infinitely large and in which mating is completely random is mostly likely to: - -not evolve All of the following EXCEPT which one are mechanisms/modes/ forces of evolution? a. Natural selection b. Mutation c. Gene flow d. Genetic drift e. Heterozygosity - -e. Heterozygosity Evolutionary changes within a species are most accurately referred to as: - -Microevolution The only source of new genetic variation (material) is/are... - -Mutations Which of these would support a population remaining at genetic equilibrium/ NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these would not cause a population to evolve?) a. Migration occurs b. Natural selection occurs c. New mutations arise d. Mating is random e. There is genetic drift - -d. Mating is random One way species evolve is by... a. Leaving their day range b. Being the same as their parents c. Diversification d. Magic - -a. Leaving their day range c. Diversification DNA shows that there are three subspecies of African elephants: 1. the West African species; 2. in Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa, the Savanna Elephants; and 3. in Central Africa, the forest elephants. This means that African elephants are a great example of ___ speciation. - -allopatric Humans who are born too small can lose heat easily, which can lead to death. Babies born too large can lead to complications for the mother during childbirth, which can lead to death of the mother and baby - -Stabilizing selection Two distinctly different beak sizes occur in a single population of black-bellied seed crackers (a finch species that lives in Cameroon, West Africa). The small-billed individuals feed mainly on soft seeds, while the large-billed individuals feed mainly on hard seeds. - -Disruptive Selection The fastest gazelles will survive being pursued by cheetahs and lions - -Directional selection Friends at a party are getting philosophical about life, and start discussing what the smallest unit of life is that is capable of carrying out life functions. You politely interrupt and tell them that the answer is a/ the... - -cell The unit of evolution (what evolves) is the ___. - -population On a certain island, the plant population exists as three different sizes: short, medium, and tall plants. However, over time the population of plants dwindles down to contain a majority of medium-sized plants with very few short and tall plants. What type of selection, if any, do you predict? - -Stabilizing Selection The American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season - -Prezygotic isolating mechanism A mule is a hybrid of a donkey and a horse. Mules are sterile and cannot produce offspring, so the only way to make more mules is to mate more donkeys and horses. - -Postzygotic isolating mechanism Different species of fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis lay their eggs on different host species. Adults return to lay eggs on the hosts from which they emerged. - -Prezygotic isolating mechanism Blue-footed boobies (a species of bird)