Module 1- Portage Learning Questions with correct Answers

Module 1- Portage Learning Questions with correct Answers Anatomy study of structure Physiology how body functions on cellular level tissue A group of similar cells that perform the same function. tissue level of organization (small to large) atom-molecule-macromolecule-organelle-cell-tissues-organ-organ system-organism epithelial tissue characteristics -covers body surfaces inside & out -secretion & absorption -cells have little matrix muscle tissue A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move. connective tissue -support & protection -binds tissues together -transports & dissolves material connective tissue includes bones, tendons, blood, ligaments nervous tissue communication between cells through electrical impulses (very rapid) characteristics of cardiac muscle cell striated, involuntary characteristics of skeletal muscle cell striated, voluntary characteristics of smooth muscle cell non-striated, involuntary 3 layers of skin epidermis, dermis, hypodermis integumentary system consists of skin, hair, nails integumentary protects from & produces -temperature, infections, viruses, uv rays , chemicals in the environment -produces vitamin D integumentary system houses pain, touch, pressure receptors, sweat glands adipocytes (fat cells) found in hypodermis to help insulate the body Muscular System allows body to move what allows movement in the muscular system muscle attaching to bone nervous system functions -internal communication between cells through electrical impulses in response to stimuli skeletal system functions -structure & support -stores calcium & phosphorus -blood cells produced in bone marrow of spongy bone cardiovascular system Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes endocrine system function -chemically regulate the body's functions -reproductive system & metabolism metabolism all chemical actions that enable us to function catabolism breaking down anabolism building up atp energy molecules that power cellular activities 3 forms of ATP production glycolysis citric acid cycle electron transport chain digestive system function breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine lymphatic system functions -immunity & fighting disease -allows for excess fluid to drain back to the heart respiratory system function excretion of excess CO2 keeps blood supplied with O2 urinary system functions -excretion of waste -regulates water & electrolyte balance in the blood reproductive system function -produce offspring -controlled by hormones from the endocrine system superior toward the head inferior away from the head ventral (anterior) front dorsal (posterior)toward the back medial toward the midline lateral away from the midline intermediate between a more medial and a more lateral structure proximal Closer to the point of attachment distal Farther from the trunk of the body superficial near the surface of the body deep Away from the body surface; more internal flexion closing of a joint (bending) extension opening of a joint (straightening) Abduction movement away from the midline adduction movement toward the midline Dorsiflexion bending of the foot or the toes upward at the ankle plantarflexion bends the foot downward at the ankle radial deviation Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side ulnar deviation Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side pronation palm down supination Palm up elevation raising a body part depression downward movement of structures of the body retraction moving a part backward protraction Moving a part forward The axial region includes head, neck, trunk appendicular region upper and lower extremities sagittal plane frontal plane transverse plane body cavity dorsal cavity cranial cavity