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Samenvatting Chemie: H7. Stofklassen

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Een kort overzicht van de stofklassen. Zuren, basen, oxiden en zouten worden kort uitgelegd. Hoofdstuk 8 bevat meer informatie per groep.

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August 11, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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H7. Stofklassen
1. Anorganische stoffen
Anorganische stoffen kunnen worden opgedeeld in:
→ Enkelvoudige stoffen:
• Metalen
• Niet-metalen
• Edelgassen

→ Samengestelde stoffen:
• Zuren (HZ)
▪ Splitsen H+-ionen af
▪ Zijn protondonors
▪ Bezitten 1 of meer uitwisselbare H+-ionen
→ bv. HCl heeft 1 uitwisselbaar H+-ion, H2SO4 heeft 2 uitwisselbare H+-ionen, …
▪ Ionisatieschema: HZ → H+ + Z- (zuurrest)
▪ Er kan nog nog een onderscheid worden gemaakt tussen:
➢ Binaire zuren
- Bestaan uit 2 verschillende elementen
- Hn(nM)
- Bv. HCl
➢ Oxozuren / ternaire zuren
- Bestaan uit 3 verschillende elementen
- Hn(nM)Op
- Kunnen worden onderverdeeld in:
→ Orthozuren → bv. H2SO4
→ Methazuren → bv. HPO3
→ Dizuren → bv. H2S2O7
→ Thiozuren → bv. H2S2O3
→ Peroxozuren → bv. H2SO5
→ Peroxidizuren → bv. H2S2O8

• Basen of hydroxiden (MOH)
▪ De basische eigenschap komt door de aanwezigheid van OH--ionen in een waterige
oplossing
▪ Bestaan uit een metaal + 1 of meerdere hydroxide (OH) groepen
→ De hoeveelheid OH hangt af van het oxidatiegetal van het metaal waarmee het in
verbinding is
▪ Dissociëren/splitsen in ionen als ze opgelost worden in water
▪ Zijn protonacceptoren
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