Midterm Exam: NR 509 / NR509 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Physical Assessment Complete Exam Review | Weeks 1-4 Covered| Questions and Verified Answers -Chamberlain

Midterm Exam: NR 509 / NR509 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Physical Assessment Complete Exam Review | Weeks 1-4 Covered| Questions and Verified Answers -Chamberlain QUESTION Which heart event is the period of ventricular contraction? Answer: systole QUESTION Which heart event is the period of ventricular relaxation? Answer: diastole QUESTION What pressure gradient event in the heart corresponds to the systolic blood pressure? Answer: maximal left ventricular pressure QUESTION Usually, opening of the mitral valve is silent. In what condition might the opening be audible as an opening snap if valve leaflet motion is restricted? Answer: mitral stenosis (occurring right after S2) QUESTION In what location would a clinician search for the splitting of S2? Answer: second and third left intercostal spaces QUESTION Splitting of S1 is considered a normal finding. Why? Answer: due to the soft tricuspid component of S1 (heard best at the lower left sternal border) QUESTION What does a heart murmur normally indicate? Answer: valvular disease QUESTION "Innocent" heart murmurs may be normal in which age group? Answer: young adults QUESTION What is the formula for cardiac output (the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 min)? Answer: SV x HR QUESTION What are the factors that affect stroke volume? Answer: preload, contractility, afterload QUESTION What are the 4 factors that affect blood pressure? Answer: left ventricular stroke volume, distensibility of the aorta and large arteries, peripheral vascular resistance (particularly at the arteriolar level), arterial blood volume QUESTION What are the 3 peaks of JVP? Answer: a - due to the atria contracting c - pressure rising in atrium after tricuspid valve shuts (bulges back into atrium). v - valve bulges again as ventricle reaches peak contraction. QUESTION In what conditions may prominent cannon a waves occur when measuring JVP? Answer: increased resistance to right atrial contraction (tricuspid stenosis), severe 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree AV block, SVT, junctional tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonic stenosis QUESTION Absent a wave in JVP pulsations indicate_____________? Answer: atrial fib QUESTION Increased v waves in JVP pulsations occur in __________________? Answer: tricuspid regurgitation, atrial septal defects, constrictive pericarditis QUESTION In acute aortic dissection, how is chest pain described? Answer: anterior chest, tearing or ripping and radiating into the back or neck QUESTION In what gender and age group are you most likely to see atypical symptoms of acute coronary syndrome such as upper back, neck, or jaw pain, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, PND, and fatigue? Answer: women > 65 QUESTION Which thyroid disorder is associated with heart palpitations? Answer: hyperthyroidism QUESTION In what conditions might a person experience orthopnea or PND? Answer: left ventricular heart failure, mitral stenosis, and obstructive lung diseases QUESTION What condition might mimic PND? Answer: nocturnal asthma attacks QUESTION When you take the blood pressure at a higher level on the arm, the recording will be___________? Answer: lower (they are higher when BP taken at lower levels on the arm) QUESTION Jugular venous pressure inspection is not useful in which age group? Answer: <12 (b/c they are difficult to see) QUESTION Which conditions decrease JVP? Answer: blood loss or decreased vascular tone