ANCC IQ Domain 1 answered all correctly answered; latest updated summer 2022. 2 yr. old child with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

ANCC IQ Domain 1 answered all correctly answered; latest updated summer 2022. 2 yr. old child with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) small head, short eye lid opening, flat midface, smooth philtrum, underdeveloped jaw, thin upper lip, and short nose Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) - Acute mental status change, muscular rigidity, and autonomic instability (fever) Elderly pt c/o tinnitus; the PMHNP would associate which of the following findings with an acoustic neuroma? - Unilateral tinnitus (ringing in the ears) may be the first symptom of an acoustic neuroma - Sx/sx infection of the ear - perforation of tympanic membrane, inflammation of the middle ear, and suppuration of the labyrinth Brain structure is activated in patients with severe anxiety (fear, panic, extreme anxiety) - Amygdala is important in mediation of fear, anxiety, and panic Which of the following does not reflect current understanding of neurotransmitter pathways implicated in anxiety disorders? -FALSE: decreasing GABA in the mesolimbic cortex diminishes symptoms of anxiety -TRUE: increasing serotonergic activity in the amygdala diminishes symptoms of anxiety -TRUE: decreasing norepinephrine in the locus ceruleus diminishes symptoms of anxiety -TRUE: increased levels of CRF in the amygdala, hippocampus and locus ceruleus increases symptoms of anxiety -FALSE: decreasing GABA in the mesolimbic cortex diminishes symptoms of anxiety Rationale: GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Decreasing GABA would increase anxiety. Benzodiazepines are used to bind with GABA receptors to potentiate the anxiolytic (calming) effects of GABA. The other responses are all accurate regarding effect on anxiety symptoms. While treating a 12-year-old boy for ADHD, the PMHNP observes which of the following physical features that raise concerns for genetic evaluation for Fragile X Syndrome? -obesity, small stature, small hands and feet, hypotonia -café au lait spots on face and arms, neurofibromas -long head and ears, short stature, hyperextensible joints -small stature, short palpebral fissure, inner epicanthal folds -long head and ears, short stature, hyperextensible joints Rationale: Etiological factors in mental retardation can be primarily genetic, developmental, acquired, or in combination. Genetic causes included chromosomal and inherited conditions. Many of these genetic disorders have characteristic physical features that warrant genetic testing for confirmatory diagnosis. Fragile X Syndrome occurs in about 1 of every 1,000 males and 1 of every 2,000 females. The typical phenotype includes a large, long head and ears, short stature, hyperextensible joints,