Chapter 011.Talaros Foundations in Microbiology Quiz Test Bank Q & A 2023 VERIFIED

Chapter 011.Talaros Foundations in Microbiology Quiz Test Bank Q & A 2023 VERIFIED Who has high resistance to microbes? correct answers endospores (from Bacillus and Clostridium) and prions Who has medium resistance to microbes? correct answers protozoan cyst, fungal sexual spore, naked virus Who has low resistance to microbes? correct answers bacterial vegetative cells, fungal spores, hyphae, enveloped virus, yeast, protozoan trophozoites Decontamination correct answers destroy a number of undesirable microbes Sepsis correct answers growth of microorganisms in tissues Asepsis correct answers prevent entry of microorganisms in tissues Antiseptic correct answers chemicals to the body that destroy vegetative pathogens Disinfection correct answers destroy pathogen on inanimate object Sanitization correct answers remove microorganisms or debris from inanimate object Degermation correct answers remove microorganisms or debris from living tissue Sterilization correct answers remove of all viable microbes Microbicidal (and microbicidal agents) correct answers agent that destroys a group of microorganisms (bactericide, fungicide, virucide, sporicide) Microbistasis correct answers microbes in standstill (can't multiply but aren't killed) (bacteriostatic and fungistatic mostly in body) Microbial Load correct answers Number to start with (more takes longer) Factors that affect death rate correct answers Load, nature of MO, temp, pH, concentration, mode of agent, presence of interfering solvents Microbial Death correct answers permanent loss of reproductive capacity Mode of action : Cell Wall correct answers 1. Disrupt intact cell wall - osmotic pressure - lysis 2. Block cell wall synthesis (Penicillin) 3. Digest exposed cell wall (Lysozyme) 4. Disrupt cell wall (detergents or alcohols) Mode of action: Cell Membrane correct answers Amphipathic chemicals - disturb lipid bilayer - membrane not effective -Good ions out / bad in -surfactant reduces tension = bad Mode of action : Protein / NA synthesis correct answers 1. Protein - block translation 2. NA - block DNA replication, transcription, cause mutation Mode of action: Protein Funcition correct answers unfold, misfold, denature (break secondary and tertiary bonds) by coagulation with moist heat or chemicals, metal ions prevent active site and substrate Temperature Above and Below Maximum correct answers ABOVE = microbicidal BELOW = microstatic Moist heat correct answers Hot water, boiling water, steam Lower temperature (60-135), shorter exposure Coagulate and denature proteins