Chapter 17: Blood (Test Bank: Matching, True/False, Multiple Choice)Graded A+

Neutrophil - ANSWERA granulocyte, phagocyte and the most common white blood cell found in whole blood. Monocyte - ANSWERMounts a humoral immune response by producing antibodies. Eosinophil - ANSWERReleases granules that kill parasitic worms. Lymphocyte - ANSWERWhen activated becomes a macrophage that fights infection. Eosinophil - ANSWERNucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms and plays complex roles in inflammatory diseases like allergies and asthma. Neutrophil - ANSWERNucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules. Erythrocyte - ANSWERTransports CO2 and oxygen. Monocyte - ANSWERContains a U- or an S-shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin. Basophil - ANSWERLargest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections. Albumin - ANSWERThe major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. Fibrinogen - ANSWERThrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. Fibrinogen - ANSWERForms the structural framework of a blood clot. Albumin - ANSWERMakes up most of plasma protein. Organic nutrients - ANSWERMaterial absorbed from the digestive tract. Including simple sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. Electrolytes - ANSWERIons in the plasma like sodium, potassium and chloride ions. Albumin - ANSWERMain contributor to osmotic pressure. Gamma globulins - ANSWERAntibodies released by plasma cells during immune response. Fibrinogen - ANSWERNecessary for coagulation. Alpha and beta globulins - ANSWERTransport proteins like transferrin (that carries iron ions) or others that bind to lipids or fat-soluble vitamins. Neutrophil - ANSWERPolymorphonuclear leukocyte. Monocyte - ANSWERWhite blood cell without cytoplasmic granules. Hemoglobin - ANSWERProtein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2. Agglutination - ANSWERAdverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma. Factor VIII - ANSWERLacking in hemophilia type A. Prostaglandin derivates such as Thromboxane A2 - ANSWERProduced by platelets. Spectrin - ANSWERA fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane. Erythropoietin - ANSWERHormone that stimulates production of RBCs. Interleukins and CSFs - ANSWERStimulates WBC production. Heparin - ANSWERNatural anticoagulant found in basophils. Leukemia - ANSWERCancerous condition involving white blood cells. Anemia - ANSWERCondition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity. Polycythemia - ANSWERAbnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity. Embolism - ANSWERFree-floating thrombus in the bloodstream. Thrombocytopenia - ANSWERPlatelet deficiency resulting in spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels. False - ANSWERThe primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. True - ANSWERLeukemia refers to cancerous conditions involving white blood cells. False - ANSWERThe immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. False - ANSWERThe process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred. False - ANSWERThe normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver. True - ANSWERHemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss. True - ANSWERWhite blood cells are produced through the action of colony-stimulating factors. False - ANSWERHemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin. False - ANSWERMyeloid stem cells give rise to all leukocytes. False - ANSWEREach hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. False - ANSWERDiapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries. True - ANSWERPositive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas.