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Samenvatting anorganische chemie, hoofdstuk 2

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Dit is de samenvatting van anorganische chemie hoofdstuk 2.

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December 7, 2022
Number of pages
1
Written in
2019/2020
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DE CHEMISCHE BINDING
 Streven naar octetconfiguratie/edelgasconfiguratie OF heliumstructuut

Ionen:
OH- : hydroxide-ion CO32-: carbonaation
NO2-: nitriet-ion SO32-: sulfiet-ion
NO3-: nitraat-ion SO42-: sulfaat-ion
CN-: cyanide-ion PO43-: fosfaat-ion
HSO4-: waterstofsulfaat-ion NH4+: ammonium-ion
HSO3-: waterstofsulfiet-ion


1. Ionbinding-Ionverbinding
 Metaal + niet-metaal
 Overdracht van elektronen
 Vorming ionen
 Elektrostatische aantrekking


2. Covalente binding
 Niet-metaal + niet-metaal
 In gemeenschap stellen van elektronen
 Elektronen in paren verdeeld over orbitalen
 2 soorten
o Gewone covalente binding
 Beide atomen stellen 1 elektron gemeenschappelijk
o Datief covalente binding
 1 atoom stelt een volledig elektronenpaar gemeenschappelijk
 Formele lading: groep van de atoom – aantal elektronen rond het atoom
 Polariteit:
o Apolair: ENW=0  geen verschuivingen
o Polair:  < 1,7  hoe groter ENW, hoe groter de verschuiving, hoe meer polair
 Oxidatiegetal: lading van atoom: groepsnummer – aantal elektronen in de buurt van het
atoom  romeins cijfer


3. Metaalbinding
 Metaal + metaal
 In gemeenschap stellen van elektronen
 Elektronen bewegen vrij in het metaalrooster

ENW = elektronegatieve waarde
Hoe groter de ENW van een atoom, hoe meer dat atoom aan elektronen trekt
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