TNCC Written Exam complete solution

TNCC Written Exam complete solution 1. What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of resuscitation?: Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate 2. Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature?: Vasoconstriction 3. What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit?: Metabolic acidosis 4. What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation?: Neurogenic shock 5. Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, result- ing in what?: Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath 6. Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury?: Compartment Syndrome 7. What is a high risk of frostbite?: Thrombus formation 8. What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with rewarming?: Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS) 9. An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what?: Periph- eral resistance 10. What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient?: Reverse Trendelenburg 11. Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries?: Secondary Phase 12. What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis?: - Quaternary Phase 13. What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object?: Tertiary Phase 14. What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pres- surization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumat- ic brain injury?: Primary Phase 15. Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels?: Rhab- domyolosis 16. Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension?: Pulmonary Embolus 17. Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behav- ioral changes, altered level of consciousness?: Increased intracranial pressure 18. Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and de- creased respiratory effort?: Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syn- drome 19. What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery?: Subdura