Portage Learning, BIOD 121 Nutrition – Module 4 Problem Set

Choose two minerals, one from each major class. Describe the symptoms of a deficiency in the mineral and suggest a way in which the deficiency may be avoided. potassium- symptoms include muscle cramps and arrhythmias. Deficiency can be avoided by eating more fruits and vegetables that are high in potassium. iron- symptoms include anemia, fatigue, poor circulation and temp regulation. Deficiency can be avoided being eating variety of red ,eats and dark leafy greens. For each fat soluble vitamin, provide the following information: the common forms of the vitamin, whether or not the body can produce the vitamin, what the vitamin does within the body, what are the results of a deficiency of the vitamin, whether or not an overabundance of the vitamin may be harmful, and what foods are rich in the vitamin? Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E A- found in either retinol or retinal form. body cannot produce it. helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light. Deficiency can cause night blindness. Too much can cause yellowing of palms and soles of feet. Liver, fish, and eggs are great sources for vitamin A, D- D2 and D3 are common forms. Body is able to produce it. vitamin D regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism. Deficiency causes bone problems. Too much can cause calcium deposits in kidney. Fatty fish and yogurt are sources E- common forms gamma tocopherol and alpha tocopherol. Body can produce it. Protects cell membranes from free radicals. deficiency leads to cellular breakdown. Sources are oils nuts and grains. Too much causes issues with Vitamins K roles in clotting Question 3 When water is inside of a cell it is part of the fluid. intracellular What is bioavailability? The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed and available to be used by the body What are the two main classes of minerals and what determines which class a mineral is assigned? Major minerals (minerals which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg/day) and Trace minerals (minerals which are needed in amounts less than 100 mg/day) What are the eight B vitamins? thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, folate and vitamin B-12 Be familiar with all outlined aspects of the B and C vitamins, including benefits, effects of deficiencies, and primary food sources containing each vitamin. What can be done to help the body absorb more iron? Combining nonheme iron with heme iron or vitamin C with nonheme iron can aid in absorption. Be familiar with the roles of the hormones and ions that regulate fluid in the body and how each functions. Night blindness is an early sign of a deficiency of this vitamin: Vitamin A When water moves from inside the cell to outside the cell it does so by which process? osmosis Choose one B vitamin. Describe in your own words the symptoms of the deficiency of that vitamin and which foods you'd recommend adding to a diet to prevent those symptoms. deficient of niacin is large rough patchy skin patches. in order to get rid of it, person should incorporate fish, nuts, and fortified breakfast cereals When water is outside of a cell it is part of the extracellular fluid. List the four major functions of Vitamin C Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, assisting in iron absorption, and boosting immune functions Be familiar with each mineral, what roles it plays in the body, food sources of each, and the result of deficiency. What six ions are listed as being responsible for your body's water balance? sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, magnesium and calcium What two hormones help prevent dehydration and how do they function? Antiduretic hormone is released by the pituitary gland to signal the kidney to conserve water. Aldosterone is released from the adrenal glands signaling the kidneys to retain sodium which also leads to water retention Question 15 0 / 0 pts It is important for women who may be pregnant or who are planning on becoming pregnant to discuss their folate intake with their doctor. Why or why not? In pregnant women a deficiency of folate can result in neural tube defects. Plant pigments that play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease: . carotenoids An antioxidant found in cell membranes that decreases the risk for cancer and cell damage is . Vitamin E Name and describe the two major types of iron. Which is more easily absorbed by the body? Heme iron - Iron found in animal flesh in the form of hemoglobin or myoglobin Nonheme iron – elemental iron Heme iron is more readily absorbed by the body. This vitamin can be produced by the body: Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin A