Essentials of Pathophysiology

Essentials of Pathophysiology 1. What is allostasis? ANS Ability to successfully adapt to challenges 2. Understand the difference between sequela and complication a. sequela is a disease or condition which is caused by an earlier disease or problem (Sequela - A pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, or attack. For eg: Uncontrolled hypertension leading to stroke.) b. while complication is the act or process worsening of a condition or disease process. 3. What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome? • ANS “Fight or flight” response • Hypothalamus senses a need to activate the GAS in response to a stimulus (stressor) putting the balance of homeostasis at risk • Hypothalamus then secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to activate the sympathetic nervous system which also stimulates adrenal medulla to release catecholamines-norepinephrine and epinephrine • CRH also stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) causing adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol) • During this phase, there is reduced resistance to stressors, but once pituitary gland activated, progresses to stage of resistance • Meant to be helpful in helping organism to overcome the stressor. (Your heart rate increases, your adrenal gland releases cortisol) 4. Remember this is the fight or flight stage. What clinical findings would the patient in the fight or flight stage present with? (Select All) ANS 5. The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all) a. Etiology b. Pathogenesis c. Clinical manifestations d. Treatment implications