GESPREKSVOERING IN DE KLINISCHE
PRAKTIJK
TOEGEPASTE PSYCHOLOGIE
ELLEN DE MEESTERE
2BATPK1
,GESPREKSVOERING IN DE KLINISCHE
PRAKTIJK
Inhoudsopgave
LES 1: INTAKEGESPREK EN ADVIESGESPREK.................................................................................................... 5
INTAKEGESPREK......................................................................................................................................................5
Intakegesprek: overzicht..................................................................................................................................5
Situering...........................................................................................................................................................5
Concrete doelen................................................................................................................................................6
Gespreksvaardigheden.....................................................................................................................................6
Voorwaarden voor een goed intakegesprek....................................................................................................6
Vaak voorkomende valkuilen...........................................................................................................................8
ADVIESGESPREK......................................................................................................................................................8
Situering...........................................................................................................................................................8
Soorten adviesgesprekken...............................................................................................................................8
Meedelen van advies: Ka en KA.......................................................................................................................9
Samen zoeken naar een oplossing: Ak...........................................................................................................10
LES 2: GRONDHOUDINGEN IN DE KLINISCHE PRAKTIJK..................................................................................12
ECHTHEID IN DE PRAKTIJK.......................................................................................................................................12
Procesbevorderende transparantie................................................................................................................12
Echtheid of on(gepaste) echtheid..................................................................................................................12
Zelfonthulling in de praktijk...........................................................................................................................12
Directheid.......................................................................................................................................................13
EMPATHIE IN DE PRAKTIJK.......................................................................................................................................14
Contact- en relatiebevorderende interventies...............................................................................................14
Exploratiebevorderende empathische interventies.......................................................................................15
Confronteren..................................................................................................................................................16
1
, ONVOORWAARDELIJKE AANVAARDING IN DE PRAKTIJK..................................................................................................16
Beleving vs gedrag.........................................................................................................................................16
LES 3: OMGAAN MET EMOTIES..................................................................................................................... 18
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................................18
FUNCTIE VAN EMOTIES...........................................................................................................................................18
HERKENNEN VAN EMOTIES......................................................................................................................................18
EMOTIES REGULEREN.............................................................................................................................................19
Emoties reguleren bij weinig emoties............................................................................................................19
Contact maken met emoties (Prouty)............................................................................................................19
Contact maken: contactreflecties..................................................................................................................20
Emoties reguleren bij hevige emoties............................................................................................................20
Gevoelens en mentale gezondheid................................................................................................................20
Omgaan met kwaadheid................................................................................................................................20
Invoegen bij woede........................................................................................................................................21
Omgaan met angst........................................................................................................................................21
Omgaan met verdriet.....................................................................................................................................22
Invoegen bij euforie........................................................................................................................................23
AFGRENZEN VAN EMOTIES......................................................................................................................................23
LES 4: IN GESPREK MET SPECIFIEKE LEEFTIJDEN EN FUNCTIEBEPERKINGEN...................................................25
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................................25
IN GESPREK MET KINDEREN.....................................................................................................................................25
Stellingen over kindgesprekken......................................................................................................................25
Gespreksvaardigheden bij kinderen...............................................................................................................25
Valkuilen bij kindgesprekken..........................................................................................................................26
Rogeriaanse houding bij kinderen..................................................................................................................27
IN GESPREK MET JONGEREN....................................................................................................................................28
Stellingen over jongerengesprekken..............................................................................................................28
Gespreksvaardigheden bij jongeren...............................................................................................................29
IN GESPREK MET OUDEREN.....................................................................................................................................30
2
, Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................30
Tips in gesprek met ouderen..........................................................................................................................31
IN GESPREK MET OUDEREN MET (DIEPE) DEMENTIE......................................................................................................32
Gespreksvoering bij diepere dementie...........................................................................................................32
Wat als contact wegvalt…..............................................................................................................................33
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET NAH........................................................................................................................34
Niet-aangeboren hersenletsel........................................................................................................................34
Grondhouding................................................................................................................................................34
Communicatietips bij NAH/ afasie.................................................................................................................34
Omgaan met moeilijkheden bij NAH..............................................................................................................35
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET ASS..........................................................................................................................36
ASS..................................................................................................................................................................36
Communicatietips bij ASS...............................................................................................................................36
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN VERSTANDELIJKE BEPERKING.....................................................................................37
Verstandelijke beperking................................................................................................................................37
In communicatie.............................................................................................................................................38
Grondhouding................................................................................................................................................38
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................39
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN AUDITIEVE BEPERKING............................................................................................39
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................39
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN VISUELE BEPERKING................................................................................................40
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................40
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN FYSIEKE BEPERKING................................................................................................41
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................41
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN BEPERKING: ALGEMENE TIPS....................................................................................41
Ondersteuning van communicatie bij beperkingen.......................................................................................41
LES 5: OMGAAN MET MOEILIJKE SITUATIES.................................................................................................. 42
SLECHT NIEUWS GESPREK....................................................................................................................................... 42
Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................42
3
PRAKTIJK
TOEGEPASTE PSYCHOLOGIE
ELLEN DE MEESTERE
2BATPK1
,GESPREKSVOERING IN DE KLINISCHE
PRAKTIJK
Inhoudsopgave
LES 1: INTAKEGESPREK EN ADVIESGESPREK.................................................................................................... 5
INTAKEGESPREK......................................................................................................................................................5
Intakegesprek: overzicht..................................................................................................................................5
Situering...........................................................................................................................................................5
Concrete doelen................................................................................................................................................6
Gespreksvaardigheden.....................................................................................................................................6
Voorwaarden voor een goed intakegesprek....................................................................................................6
Vaak voorkomende valkuilen...........................................................................................................................8
ADVIESGESPREK......................................................................................................................................................8
Situering...........................................................................................................................................................8
Soorten adviesgesprekken...............................................................................................................................8
Meedelen van advies: Ka en KA.......................................................................................................................9
Samen zoeken naar een oplossing: Ak...........................................................................................................10
LES 2: GRONDHOUDINGEN IN DE KLINISCHE PRAKTIJK..................................................................................12
ECHTHEID IN DE PRAKTIJK.......................................................................................................................................12
Procesbevorderende transparantie................................................................................................................12
Echtheid of on(gepaste) echtheid..................................................................................................................12
Zelfonthulling in de praktijk...........................................................................................................................12
Directheid.......................................................................................................................................................13
EMPATHIE IN DE PRAKTIJK.......................................................................................................................................14
Contact- en relatiebevorderende interventies...............................................................................................14
Exploratiebevorderende empathische interventies.......................................................................................15
Confronteren..................................................................................................................................................16
1
, ONVOORWAARDELIJKE AANVAARDING IN DE PRAKTIJK..................................................................................................16
Beleving vs gedrag.........................................................................................................................................16
LES 3: OMGAAN MET EMOTIES..................................................................................................................... 18
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................................18
FUNCTIE VAN EMOTIES...........................................................................................................................................18
HERKENNEN VAN EMOTIES......................................................................................................................................18
EMOTIES REGULEREN.............................................................................................................................................19
Emoties reguleren bij weinig emoties............................................................................................................19
Contact maken met emoties (Prouty)............................................................................................................19
Contact maken: contactreflecties..................................................................................................................20
Emoties reguleren bij hevige emoties............................................................................................................20
Gevoelens en mentale gezondheid................................................................................................................20
Omgaan met kwaadheid................................................................................................................................20
Invoegen bij woede........................................................................................................................................21
Omgaan met angst........................................................................................................................................21
Omgaan met verdriet.....................................................................................................................................22
Invoegen bij euforie........................................................................................................................................23
AFGRENZEN VAN EMOTIES......................................................................................................................................23
LES 4: IN GESPREK MET SPECIFIEKE LEEFTIJDEN EN FUNCTIEBEPERKINGEN...................................................25
INLEIDING............................................................................................................................................................25
IN GESPREK MET KINDEREN.....................................................................................................................................25
Stellingen over kindgesprekken......................................................................................................................25
Gespreksvaardigheden bij kinderen...............................................................................................................25
Valkuilen bij kindgesprekken..........................................................................................................................26
Rogeriaanse houding bij kinderen..................................................................................................................27
IN GESPREK MET JONGEREN....................................................................................................................................28
Stellingen over jongerengesprekken..............................................................................................................28
Gespreksvaardigheden bij jongeren...............................................................................................................29
IN GESPREK MET OUDEREN.....................................................................................................................................30
2
, Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................30
Tips in gesprek met ouderen..........................................................................................................................31
IN GESPREK MET OUDEREN MET (DIEPE) DEMENTIE......................................................................................................32
Gespreksvoering bij diepere dementie...........................................................................................................32
Wat als contact wegvalt…..............................................................................................................................33
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET NAH........................................................................................................................34
Niet-aangeboren hersenletsel........................................................................................................................34
Grondhouding................................................................................................................................................34
Communicatietips bij NAH/ afasie.................................................................................................................34
Omgaan met moeilijkheden bij NAH..............................................................................................................35
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET ASS..........................................................................................................................36
ASS..................................................................................................................................................................36
Communicatietips bij ASS...............................................................................................................................36
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN VERSTANDELIJKE BEPERKING.....................................................................................37
Verstandelijke beperking................................................................................................................................37
In communicatie.............................................................................................................................................38
Grondhouding................................................................................................................................................38
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................39
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN AUDITIEVE BEPERKING............................................................................................39
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................39
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN VISUELE BEPERKING................................................................................................40
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................40
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN FYSIEKE BEPERKING................................................................................................41
Communicatietips..........................................................................................................................................41
IN GESPREK MET MENSEN MET EEN BEPERKING: ALGEMENE TIPS....................................................................................41
Ondersteuning van communicatie bij beperkingen.......................................................................................41
LES 5: OMGAAN MET MOEILIJKE SITUATIES.................................................................................................. 42
SLECHT NIEUWS GESPREK....................................................................................................................................... 42
Inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................42
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