PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 9

PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231: Pathophysiology 2022 MODULE 9 Question 1 Multiple Choice If a patient is taking exogenous forms of corticosteroid hormones, what would their labs show? You Answered High levels of ACTH Correct Answer Low levels of ACTH Hyperkalemia None of the above Question 2 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: Correct! Hypoglycemia Mood changes Muscle weakness Amenorrhea Question 3 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Primary adrenocortical deficiency (Addison’s disease) is most frequently caused by: Correct! Autoimmune mechanisms Infection Metastatic tumor Trauma Question 4 0 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Addison’s disease is due to which of the following: Correct Answer Adrenal gland dysfunction Decreased ACTH stimulation from the pituitary Decreased CRH from the hypothalamus You Answered All of the above None of the above Question 5 0 / 2.5 pts An autocrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts A paracrine hormone is a hormone that produces a biologic action on the cell that released them. True Correct! False Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. Correct! True False Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 pts The production and release of hormones by the hypothalamus requires stimulation by the pituitary gland. True Correct! False Question 9 5 / 5 pts What hormone affects nutrient metabolism, regulates blood glucose levels, and has anti-inflammatory actions? Insulin Correct! Cortisol Glucagon T3, T4 Question 10 5 / 5 pts The anterior pituitary releases which of the following hormones? Select all that apply. Correct! TSH Calcitonin Correct! FSH Correct! LH Somatostatin Question 11 5 / 5 pts Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT: Markedly reduced beta cell mass Markedly reduced circulating insulin level Correct! Gradual, subtle onset Usually normal body weight Question 12 5 / 5 pts Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT: Delayed gastric emptying Bladder infections Correct! Myxedema Glaucoma Question 13 2 / 2 pts Of all the people with diabetes, approximately 70% have type 2 diabetes. True Correct! False False (90%) Question 14 2 / 2 pts Insulin promotes glycogenesis and glycolysis. Correct! True False Question 15 2 / 2 pts Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback. True Correct! False Question 16 2 / 2 pts Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss. Correct! True False Question 17 2 / 2 pts Hemoglobin A1C measures glucose control over the previous 6 months. True Correct! False Question 18 Not yet graded / 5 pts A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at risk for and how you would screen for them? Your Answer: Proper heart healthy diet and exercise, which can lead to weight loss can help blood sugars. Certain medications can help as well. 2 macrovascular complications are coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors for macrovascular disease is hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. A fasting glucose test and A1C test is used to measure blood glucose and glucose control respectivly. Answer: (1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose control. (2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia – checking blood pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel. Question 19 Not yet graded / 5 pts Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? Your Answer: Foot ulcers are common in those with neuropathy. Its a big problem because these infections cannot be undetected due to the loss of sensation and pain. Answer: Trauma or infection may be present, but undetected due to the loss of sensation and pain. It is worsened by vascular insufficiency and the decreased ability to heal. Question 20 5 / 5 pts Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include each of the following EXCEPT: Polydipsia Dehydration Fruity smell on the breath Correct! Bradycardia Question 21 5 / 5 pts A 40-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea and weight loss despite increased appetite. The history and physical exam show exophthalmos, tachycardia, and warm, moist skin. Each of the following lab abnormalities are expected EXCEPT: Increased T4 Increased T3 Correct! Increased TSH Increased radioactive iodine uptake Question 22 Not yet graded / 10 pts People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care provider to monitor glycemic control and be screened regularly for complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Your Answer: Check weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and A1C, lipid profile, foot exam Answer: Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated eye exams, and dental exam. Question 23 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts is defined as a blood glucose of <60 mg/dL, with associated cognitive impairment. Your Answer: hypoglycemia Answer: Hypoglycemia Question 24 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts A test to assess sensation, vascular status, and skin integrity, should be administered annually onall diabetic patients. Your Answer: monofilament Answer: monofilament Question 25 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts is diagnosed by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >500 mg/dL), hyperosmolarity, anddehydration, without ketoacidosis. Your Answer: hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Answer: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) Question 26 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts is an oral antidiabetic drug that does not cause hypoglycemia and has a side effect of weight loss.Your Answer: metformin Answer: Biguanides or metformin