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Samenvatting Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals

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Covering the basics through advanced operation of spark-ignition and diesel engines. Written by one of the most recognized and highly regarded names in internal combustion engines this trusted educational resource and professional reference covers the key physical and chemical processes that govern internal combustion engine operation and design. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Second Edition, has been thoroughly revised to cover recent advances, including performance enhancement, efficiency improvements, and emission reduction technologies. Highly illustrated and cross referenced, the book includes discussions of these engines' environmental impacts and requirements. You will get complete explanations of spark-ignition and compression-ignition (diesel) engine operating characteristics as well as of engine flow and combustion phenomena and fuel requirements. Coverage includes: - Engine types and their operation - Engine design and operating parameters - Thermochemistry of fuel-air mixtures - Properties of working fluids - Ideal models of engine cycles - Gas exchange processes - Mixture preparation in spark-ignition engines - Charge motion within the cylinder - Combustion in spark-ignition engines - Combustion in compression-ignition engines - Pollutant formation and control - Engine heat transfer - Engine friction and lubrication - Modeling real engine flow and combustion processes - Engine operating characteristics

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Hoofdstuk 1 t/m 15
Uploaded on
February 9, 2022
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WRIJVING – MECHANISCH RENDEMENT
1. Wrijving :

1.1. Theorie wrijving
a) droge wrijving : geen smeermiddel 0,5 < f < 1 voor
de meeste metalen
b) met smeermiddel
- hydrodynamisch : vgl van Petroff – getal van Sommerfeld
voor glijlagers
- grenssmering

1.2. Wrijving in verschillende motoronderdelen

1.2.1. Zuigerwrijving
- gewoonlijk belangrijkste wrijvingsbron
⎧ − ΔT over cilinderhoogte
- f varieert cyclisch ⎨
⎩ − filmdikte door zuigersnelheid
in midden zuigerslag misschien volmaakte smering
in D.P. zeker grenssmering
- wrijving door segmenten, belangrijker dan zuiger
→ opletten : motoren met kruishoofd ⇒ anders

1.2.2. Krukaslagers
- na zuiger belangrijkste bron wrijving
-volle hydrodynamische smering f <<
(uitgezonderd bij starten)
- toch groot wrijvingsvermogen wegens :
• grote krachten → (polair diagram lagerbelasting)
• grote snelheid

1.2.3. Andere onderdelen
kleppen, zuigerpen, … weinig vermogen

wms slide 1.

, 2. Mechanisch rendement

Pe
ηm =
Pi
zelfaanzuigende motoren en turbo opgeladen motoren
→ niet voor volumetrisch oplading
Pe
ηm = → niet voor carter gespoelde motoren
Pe + Pr + Ph
Pr = organisch wrijvingsvermogen
Ph = vermogen hulptoestellen
⎧ − DIN


⎩ −SAE

2.1. Vermogen hulpmachines : Ph
→ belangrijkste : - waterpomp : Ph ∼ n3
- ventilator : Ph ∼ n3

andere - oliepomp : Ph ∼ n (drukbegrenzer)
- dynamo
- ventilator

bij vollast Ph ≈ 10% Pe maar bij deellast ↑ fractie

bij n = cte : vollast Pe,v → maar Ph = 0,1 Pe,v

deellast bv ¼ Pe,v → Ph blijft ± dezelfde wegens n = cte

dus bij deellast Ph = 0,4 Pe waardoor :
ηm ↓ en dus ηe ↓ en be ↑

auto werkt veel bij deellast

wms slide 2.
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