ERSC181 B001 Week 8 COMBINED exams WEEK 1-7 (answered) Fall 2021/2022

9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 1 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 2 - Rock Forming Minerals 52.0/ 52.0 Points Question 1 of 25 Which subatomic particle is NOT found in the nucleus? A. proton B. neutron C. electron Feedback: 3.1.1 Question 2 of 25 Which of the following is considered to be composed of a mineral? A. coal B. your teeth C. glass (un-ordered atoms) D. lab-grown diamond E. icicle ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 3.1 Question 3 of 25 A silicate tetrahedron is composed of what? A. four oxygen atoms and four silicon atoms B. one oxygen atom and four silicon atoms C. one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms Feedback: 3.3 Silicate Minerals Question 4 of 25 Which two elements are the scarcest in the crust? A. silicon and oxygen B. iron and magnesium C. potassium and magnesium Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 5 of 25 Which element comprises about 27% of the crust? A. carbonates B. oxygen C. silicon9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 6 of 25 The elements on periodic table are arranged is a specific way. How are they arranged? A. alphabetically B. by atomic mass C. by atomic number Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 7 of 25 The lithosphere is made up of numerous minerals and elements. Which of the following is the most abundant element in the lithosphere? A. silicon B. carbonates C. oxygen Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 8 of 25 Of the top elements present on the Earth, which of the following is found is the smallest quantity—calcium, iron, or magnesium? A. calcium B. iron C. magnesium9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 9 of 25 The way a mineral reflects light is called what? A. fracture B. cleavage C. luster Feedback: 3.5.1 Luster and Color Question 10 of 25 Which type of bond would you expect to find in gold? A. ionic B. covalent C. metallic Feedback: 3.1.3 Chemical Bonding Question 11 of 25 Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons? A. ionic B. metallic C. covalent9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 3.1.3 Chemical Bonding Question 12 of 25 Which element comprises about 8% of the crust? A. silicon B. iron C. aluminum Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Question 13 of 25 Which two elements are the most common in the crust? A. iron and magnesium B. potassium and magnesium C. silicon and oxygen Feedback: 3.1.2 Periodic Table of the Elements Part 2 of 2 - Science of Geology 44.0/ 48.0 Points Question 14 of 25 Why is it important to have a good hypothesis? A. A good hypothesis minimizes the amount of work to be done by the scientist. It helps speed up the scientific process. B. A good hypothesis is absolute and removes all doubt from the experiment and provides solid answers to the inquiry.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. A good hypothesis is key to the design of the experiment and the interpretation of data. Feedback: 1.1.1 The Scientific Method Question 15 of 25 Longitude lines are perpendicular to the equator. The Prime Meridian runs through which city? A. Paris, France B. London, England C. Greenwich, England Feedback: Module 1: Science of Geology Question 16 of 25 Which type of map shows lines representing elevations? A. geologic B. bathymetric C. topographic Feedback: Module 1: Science of Geology Question 17 of 25 Which type of fieldnotes is the recording of factual data? A. reflective B. informational C. descriptive9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: Geologic Tools Question 18 of 25 Which type of geologist studies the geology of airborne electromagnetics, gravity, magnetics, magnetotellurics, radiometrics, rock properties, and seismicity? A. seismologist B. paleontologist C. geophysicist Feedback: 1.4 Why Study Geology? Question 19 of 25 Geology as a science encompasses many aspects. Which of the following would NOT be of interest to a geologist? A. past life, its evolution and preservation B. how the Earth has changed over time C. the classification of stars and planets, including the Earth Feedback: 1.2 Early Scientific Thought Question 20 of 25 Which of the following is an example of a hypotheses? A. is the time it takes for a volcanic eruption B. is how often an earthquake occurs C. if stress is put on a fault, an earthquake may result9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 1.1.1 The Scientific Method Question 21 of 25 Which type of geologist studies the cause and effects of earthquakes? A. mineralogist B. geophysicist C. seismologist Feedback: 1.4 Why Study Geology? Question 22 of 25 The scientific method is not always linear. Why? A. because you can skip steps as you go B. since scientists don’t make mistakes it is not necessary to follow the direct path of the method C. because it may be necessary to re-evaluate your hypothesis Feedback: 1.1.1 The Scientific Method Question 23 of 25 The scientific method often concludes with what? A. a hypothesis B. an experiment C. a theory9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 1.1.1 The Scientific Method Question 24 of 25 Which of the following is the best definition of geology? A. Geology is the study of how the environment is affected by humans and activities, including resource use and population growth. B. Geology is the study of matter, energy, and the natural and physical forces that act on and between them. C. Geology is the study of how the Earth was made, its composition and structure. This includes natural forces acting on the Earth as well as how life has changed over time. Feedback: 1.4 Why Study Geology? Module 1: Science of Geology Question 25 of 25 Geology is unique because geologists rely on information and data from: A. the present B. the past C. the present and the past Feedback: 1.4.3 Geologic Time and Deep Time9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 2 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 2 - 48.0/ 52.0 Points Question 1 of 25 Which type of boundaries involve crust being neither created nor destroyed and shearing motion? A. transform boundaries B. divergent boundaries C. convergent boundaries Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 2 of 25 ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points Examine the picture making note of the different boundaries. At which location would you expect a new sea to be formed in the future? A. A B. B C. C Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 3 of 25 Which type of boundaries involve deep sea trenches, the destruction of seafloor crust, and subduction? A. convergent boundaries B. divergent boundaries C. transform boundaries9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 4 of 25 Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting continental drift? A. similar fossils found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean B. how the continents fit together C. different rock types found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 5 of 25 Which characteristics describe divergent boundaries? A. plates moving apart, the creation of new seafloor, and the Mid Ocean Ridge B. crust being neither created nor destroyed and shearing motion C. deep sea trenches, the destruction of seafloor crust, and subduction Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 6 of 25 Which of the following statements is true? A. Plate tectonics built on or expanded on continental drift. B. Both theories have been proven false. C. Continental drift built on or expanded on plate tectonics.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 7 of 25 Why is oceanic crust younger than continental crust? A. because the oceans could not form until water was created which was after continents formed B. because the continents formed so much earlier than the oceans formed C. because oceanic crust is subducted back into the mantle while newer younger crust is being created at the Mid Ocean Ridge. Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 8 of 25 Ocean-to-ocean convergent boundaries are commonly associated with which landforms? A. broad mountain range, folds B. volcanic arc, forearc basin C. oceanic trench, island arc Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 9 of 25 What piece of evidence for continental drift explains why we find ancient reefs in cold climates? A. the fact that continents move B. polar wandering C. the increase is sea level9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 10 of 25 Oceanic plates are composed of what rock type? A. granite B. quartz C. basalt D. diorite Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 11 of 25 Which characteristics describe convergent boundaries? A. deep sea trenches, the destruction of seafloor crust, and subduction B. crust being neither created nor destroyed and shearing motion C. plates moving apart, the creation of new seafloor, and the Mid Ocean Ridge Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 12 of 25 Ocean-to-continent convergent boundaries can produce all but which of the following? A. mountains B. volcanoes C. new sea-floor9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: 2 Plate Tectonics Question 13 of 25 Which piece of evidence renewed the scientific community's interest in continental drift? A. how the continents fit together B. the presence of similar fossils on opposite sides of the oceans C. paleomagnetism D. glacial evidence in warm climates Feedback: 2.1.3 Development of Plate Tectonic Theory Part 2 of 2 - Geologic Time 48.0/ 48.0 Points Question 14 of 25 In a series of undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are A. On the bottom B. On the top C. variable depending on location Feedback: Chapter 7 Geologic Time Question 15 of 25 Which kind of unconformity is probably the hardest to recognize among layered rocks? A. Non-depositional unconformity9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points B. Paraconformity C. Non-conformity D. Disconformity E. Angular unconformity Feedback: disconformities occur between parallel layers and are often recognized only by studying the fossils contained in them. Question 16 of 25 Which mineral is the most commonly used for dating? A. Diamond B. Amphibole C. Zircon D. Quartz E. Olivine Feedback: Zircons, although rare, are chemically and mechanically resistant and contain trace uranium used for dating. As geologists say, a zircon is forever, not diamond! Question 17 of 25 Which stratigraphic principle states the fact that sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers perpendicular to the direction of gravity? A. Original horizontality B. Superposition C. Cross-cutting relations D. Faunal succession E. Lateral continuity9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: Original horizontality states that layered rocks start out in horizontal layers perpendicular to gravity. Question 18 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a way of correlating rocks? A. Fossils B. Topographic expression C. Rock type D. Time (age) Feedback: Topography is often unrelated to underlying geologic formations and structures. Question 19 of 25 What are the characteristics of an index fossil? A. Widespread geographically and chronologically B. Localized geographically and chronologically C. Widespread geographically, chronologically limited D. Localized geographically, chronologically widespread Feedback: A good index fossil only lived during a short time but is found over a large geographic area. Question 20 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a trace fossil? A. Fossil poop (coprolites) B. Footprint9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. bone D. Burrow mold Feedback: Trace fossils are evidence of past life, but not the organism itself. Question 21 of 25 This dating method is used to determine the ages of rocks in years A. absolute B. relative C. fossil D. mineral Feedback: Chapter 7 Geologic Time Question 22 of 25 Which type of unconformity is usually easiest to spot, since layers are on top of non-layered crystalline rock? A. Disconformity B. Paraconformity C. Angular unconformity D. Nonconformity Feedback: NONCONFORMITIES describe layered rocks on top of non-layered crystalline rocks Question 23 of 25 A fault that bisects a rock formation is younger than the rock unit according to the Principle of9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. Lateral Continuity B. Original Horizontality C. Cross-Cutting Relationships D. Stratigraphy Feedback: Chapter 7 Geologic Time Question 24 of 25 What materials were used in the 1950s to accurately determine the age of the Earth as 4.55 billion years? A. Meteorites B. oceanic crust from the Northwest Pacific sea floor C. Gneisses from the continental shields D. Zircons from Australia E. Xenoliths from the outer core Feedback: Since meteorites are stuff left over at the time of the formation of the Earth and solar system, they were used to determine the age of the Earth as part of that process. Question 25 of 25 Which of these time divisions is the longest? A. Eon B. Age C. Epoch D. Era E. Period9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes Feedback: An EON is the longest. The Phanerozoic Eon is the eon we currently are in. Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 3 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 2 - 44.0/ 48.0 Points Question 1 of 25 What is a shadow zone and why does it exist? A. A shadow zone appears on the same side of the planet as the earthquake source because P waves cannot move through liquid. B. A shadow zone appears on the opposite side of the planet from the earthquake source because S waves cannot move through liquid. C. A shadow zone appears on the same side of the planet as the earthquake source because S waves cannot move through liquid. D. A shadow zone appears on the opposite side of the planet from the earthquake source because P waves cannot move through liquid. Question 2 of 25 The spot on the surface directly above where the earthquake occurred is called the what? A. earthquake center B. focus C. epicenter D. fault plane ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 3 of 25 If you are interested in knowing the most accurate calculation of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, which scale would you consult? A. Richter Magnitude cale B. Modified Mercalli scale C. Magnitude Moment scale D. Seismic Moment scale Question 4 of 25 Which type of waves are compressional in nature? A. S B. P C. C D. L Question 5 of 25 What is the feature called where most active earthquakes (and volcanoes) are found? A. the Arctic Ring of Fire B. the Pacific Ring of Fire C. the Atlantic Ring of Fire D. the Japan Ring of Fire9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 6 of 25 Which of the following statement is the most accurate? A. Earthquakes are caused when water or oil penetrate into the subsurface and cause a lubricating effect. This causes the rocks to slip. B. Earthquakes are caused when stresses on rocks are too great and the rock breaks, typically along fault lines or plate boundaries. C. Earthquakes are caused by an increase in magma pushing its way through transform boundaries. Question 7 of 25 Where would an earthquake most likely occur? A. in the middle of a continent B. at the poles C. along plate boundaries D. in the middle of an ocean Question 8 of 25 Which of the following would experience the most amount of damage from an earthquake? A. a brick building in an area underlain by sandstone B. a brick building in an area underlain by granite C. a brick building in area underlain by unconsolidated sand D. a brick building in area underlain by water-saturated sand Question 9 of 25 Which of the following statement is correct?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. P or primary waves are compressional waves and travel the fastest. B. P or primary waves are shear waves and travel the fastest. C. P or primary waves are compressional waves but they only travel through solids. D. P or primary waves are compressional waves and travel the slowest Question 10 of 25 If you are interested in only knowing the amount of damage caused by the earthquake, which scale would you consult? A. the Richter Magnitude scale B. the Seismic Moment scale C. the Magnitude Moment scale D. the Modified Mercalli scale Question 11 of 25 Which of the following is NOT associated with earthquakes? A. seiche B. sand volcano C. tsunamis D. liquefaction E. lahar Question 12 of 25 Which of the following is a secondary hazard associated with earthquakes?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. tsunami B. liquefaction C. seiche D. All are secondary hazards Part 2 of 2 - Igneous Processes and Volcanoes 44.0/ 52.0 Points Question 13 of 25 Where do igneous rocks with a coarse-grained (phaneritic) texture form? A. on top of the surface after being ejected into the air. B. deep under the surface. C. on top of the surface. D. close to the surface but also just below it. Feedback: Coarse-grained igneous rocks have large mineral crystals that are visible to the unaided eye because they formed deep under the surface of Earth where they were insulated by the surrounding rock and thus cooled and crystallized slowly. Question 14 of 25 A device that is used to monitor ground deformation is called a ________. A. tiltmeter. B. spectrometer. C. seismograph. D. Brunton compass E. level9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 15 of 25 Where do igneous rocks with a fine-grained (aphanitic) texture form? A. both deep and shallow depth. B. at or near the surface. C. deep under the surface. D. in pegmatitic dikes Feedback: Fine-grained igneous rocks form at or near Earth’s surface where they cool quickly and don’t have much time to form large minerals. The mineral crystals are very small and mostly visible only through a microscope. Question 16 of 25 A planar basaltic intrusion that cuts across layers of sedimentary rocks is called a _______. A. dike B. sill C. pluton D. batholith Question 17 of 25 Crystal settling would be another name for ______. A. fractional crystallization B. Bowen's Reaction Series C. xenolith formation9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points D. assimilation Feedback: As the temperature drops in the magma some minerals will crystallize and settle to the bottom of the magma chamber. Question 18 of 25 Melting is common at which plate boundary? A. divergent B. transform C. convergent D. A and C Question 19 of 25 Which rock composition has the least amount of silica? A. ultramafic B. felsic C. intermediate D. mafic Feedback: ultramafic rocks have the least amount of silica (Si02) and the most amount of iron and magnesium (or ferromagnesian minerals) Question 20 of 25 Landforms created by volcanoes can include ________. A. islands B. plateaus9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. mountains D. A and C E. all of the above Question 21 of 25 If volatiles such as water vapor and carbon dioxide are added to a rock, what will happen to the melting temperature? A. The melting temperature of a rock will increase. B. The melting temperature will not change. C. The melting temperature of a rock will decrease. D. Pressure will increase. Feedback: Adding volatiles to a rock, like adding salt to ice on a road, lowers the melting temperature of a rock. This is shown by the green solidus line shifting to the left on the diagram. Question 22 of 25 If a rock contained amphibole, potassium feldspar (orthoclase), biotite, and quartz, as the rock is heated, which mineral would melt first? A. amphibole B. potassium feldspar (orthoclase) C. quartz D. biotite Feedback: According to Bowen's Reaction Series, quartz would melt first because it is in the lowest position on the diagram and thus has a lower temperature of crystallization/melting.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 23 of 25 Ash and lapilli are commonly found in ________. A. basaltic magma. B. lava. C. pyroclastic flow. D. rhyolitic magma Question 24 of 25 A sill runs ________ to the surrounding rock. A. perpendicular B. at an angle compared C. parallel D. in no particular relation Question 25 of 25 Lahars and pyroclastic flows both have what in common? A. They are both composed of gas. B. They are both composed of water. C. They both move at speeds >120 mph D. They are both composed of rock fragments9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 4 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 3 - 16.0/ 20.0 Points Question 1 of 25 If a sedimentary rock is found to have grains of different shapes and sizes it is said to be what? A. permeable B. well sorted C. poorly sorted D. poorly cemented Question 2 of 25 Put the following in the order in which they can occur: erosion, transport, weathering, compaction, burial, cementation, sedimentary rock. A. erosion, transport, weathering, compaction, deposition, burial, cementation, sedimentary rock B. erosion, weathering, transport, deposition, burial, compaction, cementation, sedimentary rock C. weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, compaction, burial, cementation, sedimentary rock D. weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, burial, compaction, cementation, sedimentary rock ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 3 of 25 What is the classification of this sedimentary rock? (Hint - What are the major classifications of sedimentary rocks? Is this rock composed of smaller particles cemented together?) A. Chemical B. clastic C. biochemical D. organic Feedback: What are the major classifications of sedimentary rocks? Is this rock composed of smaller particles cemented together? Question 4 of 25 What is the classification of this sedimentary rock?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes (Hint - What are the major classifications of sedimentary rocks? Is this rock composed of smaller particles cemented together? Look closely, what are the particles made of?) A. biochemical B. chemical C. clastic D. organic Feedback: What are the major classifications of sedimentary rocks? Is this rock composed of smaller particles cemented together? Look closely, what are the particles made of? Question 5 of 259/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following is true of some sedimentary rocks? A. They form as a result of volcanic processes. B. They form as a result of weathering and melting. C. They form as the result of precipitation from water. D. They form as the result of precipitation from the atmosphere. Part 2 of 3 - Mass Wasting 32.0/ 44.0 Points Question 6 of 25 A form of mass wasting caused by intense surface-water flow due to heavy precipitation, and composed of loose soil, and significant amount of loose rocks, boulders, organic matter, air and water is known as ________. A. a rock avalanche B. a debris flow C. a rock fall D. an earthflow Feedback: See the USGS video embedded in the online textbook. Question 7 of 25 What is the difference between a debris flow and an earth flow? A. A debris flow is more dangerous because it moves faster. B. An earth flow occurs in areas with steeper slopes. C. A debris flow is mainly coarse-grained rock fragments, while an earth flow is mostly fine-grained sediment particles. D. A debris flow is a plastic moving, fine-grained type of flow, while an earth flow is mostly a mixture of coarse material and water.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: section 10.3 Question 8 of 25 Rock falls are strongly influenced by ________. A. gravity, soil type, and water B. gravity, mechanical weathering, and water. C. gravity, chemical weathering, and soil type Feedback: 10.3 Question 9 of 25 The 1959 Madison Canyon landslide killed 28 people near Hebgen Lake. What was the trigger for this landslide? A. Oversteepening B. Earthquake C. Precipitation D. Devegetation Feedback: 10.4 Question 10 of 25 For a block to move down an inclined plane, what force has to be the greatest? A. Shear B. tension C. Normal9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points D. Compression E. gravity Feedback: 10.1 Question 11 of 25 Which of the following is not a control in rock falls? A. gravity B. bedrock fractures C. sediment particle size D. slope steepness Feedback: 10.3 Question 12 of 25 Which of the following is a slow moving form of mass wasting? A. falls B. slides C. flows D. creep Feedback: 10.3 Question 13 of 259/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points The 2005 La Conchita slide in California and the 2014 Oso landslide in Washington were both deadly landslides in residential areas. They were principally caused by ______. A. Devegetation B. Oversteepening C. Precipitation D. Shaking Feedback: As in the case of many deadly slides, water was the principal driving factor in the failure of these slopes. Question 14 of 25 If you are considering a home site, what is one pretty sure evidence of possible landslides affecting the property? A. A history of previous mass wasting events in the area B. A nearby river C. Dramatic geologic structures affecting local strata D. A steep bedding plane near the site Feedback: Look for a history of previous mass wasting events in the area. Question 15 of 25 What was the largest known terrestrial landslide? A. Jishi Gorge Slide B. Saidmarreh landslide C. Goldau Rockslide D. Markagunt gravity slide E. Nuuanu Slide9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: The largest known terrestrial landslide was the Markagunt Gravity Slide in Utah. It occurred 21-22 million years ago and displaced more than 1700 cubic kilometers of material. Question 16 of 25 Adding water to materials on a slope can reduce _______ and cause mass wasting to occur. A. the angle of repose B. the gravitational force C. the shear force D. the normal force Feedback: Adding water increases mass and reduces friction (fn), increasing the probability of failure. If shear force exceeds normal force, then shear strength is compromised and thus, then downslope movement occurs. 10.1 Part 3 of 3 - Weathering, etc. 32.0/ 36.0 Points Question 17 of 25 What do chemical and detrital sedimentary rocks have in common? A. Both made by erosion B. Both made by organisms C. Both involve water in their formation D. Both have rounded grains E. Both come from older bedrock Feedback: Water is vital in the formation of both.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 18 of 25 Which of the following depositional environments is most likely to be at the lowest elevation? A. Fluvial B. Paludal C. Glacial D. Alluvial E. Aeolian Feedback: Paludal (swamp) deposition is commonly coastal or in other low elevation locations. Question 19 of 25 Chemical weathering does NOT include which of the following? A. exfoliation B. hydrolysis C. oxidation D. dissolution Question 20 of 25 Detrital sedimentary rocks are defined and named based mainly on their _______________, while chemical sedimentary rocks are defined mainly on their ____________. A. grain size, roundness B. composition, roundness C. composition, grain size D. grain size, composition9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points E. roundness, hardness Feedback: Clastic or detrital rocks are categorized based on their grain size (i.e. sandstone, mudstone), with the exception of conglomerate/breccia, which are both coarse grained. Conglomerates are rounded, and breccias are angular. All chemical rocks are names based on composition (i.e. limestone, rock salt). Question 21 of 25 What is the correlation between surface area and rate of weathering? A. There is no relation between surface area and weathering. B. The greater the surface area, the more the rock is exposed so the faster the weathering. C. The greater the surface area, the bigger the rock so weathering is slowed down. D. The greater the surface area, the softer the rock which speeds up weathering. Question 22 of 25 Which of the following depositional environments is most likely to form fine-grained mud? A. Lacustrine B. Aeolian C. Glacial D. Submarine fan Feedback: It is ABYSSAL, LACUSTRINE, and LAGOONAL that are most commonly associated with mudstones. Question 23 of 25 Which of the following would have little impact on weathering?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. rock type B. temperature C. climate D. air pressure Question 24 of 25 What is the most important thing that all sedimentary rocks can tell you, specifically referring to depositional environment? A. Types of organisms present B. Number of organisms present C. Speed of the river that made them D. Ideas about ancient landscapes E. Ideas about temperature in the past Feedback: Sedimentary rocks and depositional environments can reconstruct past landscapes. Question 25 of 25 Which of the following depositional environments has the least water? A. Shoreface B. Alluvial C. Aeolian D. Lacustrine E. Littoral9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes Feedback: Aeolian is deposition by wind. without water. Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 5 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 3 - 44.0/ 52.0 Points Question 1 of 25 The core of a mountain range that formed during regional metamorphism would contain a _____ metamorphic facies. A. moderate-grade B. high-grade C. low-grade D. phaneritic E. blueschist Question 2 of 25 Heat promotes recrystallization by A. separating ultramafic elements from mafic ones B. causing minerals to melt C. stripping away valence electrons D. increasing atomic vibration ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: heat causes atoms to vibrate more vigorously, possibly moving from one location in the crystal to another, even moving into another crystal. Question 3 of 25 Which of the following is true of metamorphic rocks? A. They form when rocks melt under intense heat and pressure B. They form as a result of volcanic processes. C. They form as a result of weathering and erosion. D. They form as a result of intense heat and pressure. Question 4 of 25 What are the three agents of metamorphism? A. differential pressure, heat, and temperature B. differential pressure, confining pressure, and lithostatic pressure C. differential pressure, deep-sea smokers, and hydrothermal vents D. temperature, pressure, and chemically reactive fluids Question 5 of 25 At what temperature does diagenesis end and metamorphism begin? A. 200 degrees Celsius B. 100 degrees Celsius C. 3,000 kbars D. 1,000 bars9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Feedback: Metamorphism starts at around 200 degrees Celsius. Below that temperature is considered diagenesis, which includes sediments solidifying (compacting and cementing) into sedimentary rocks. Question 6 of 25 A foliated texture means what? A. Grains are easily seen. B. layers or banding. C. grains are the same size D. Fossils are visible. Question 7 of 25 The core of a mountain range that formed during regional metamorphism would contain a _____ metamorphic facies. A. high-grade B. low-grade C. blueschist D. moderate-grade Question 8 of 25 What is the texture of this rock?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes A. foliated B. non-foliated C. phaneritic D. coarse E. fissile Question 9 of 259/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which type of metamorphism is responsible for the greatest amount of deformation? A. contact B. regional C. burial D. fault E. subduction Question 10 of 25 The parent rock of a metamorphic rock is what? A. The rock before it was subjected to metamorphism. B. The first rock formed during metamorphism. C. The rock after it was subjected to metamorphism. D. The rock as it is subjected to metamorphism. Question 11 of 25 Which metamorphic facies is associated with subduction zones? A. granulite B. greenschist C. epidote-eclogite D. lawsonite-blueschist Feedback: by analyzing the Chapter 6 diagram, lawsonite-blueschist is shown on the left at a low temperature but at a high pressure. The associated9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points diagram indicates that high pressure and low temperature minerals are found at subduction zones. Question 12 of 25 What is the texture of this metamorphic rock? A. nonfissile B. fissile C. foliated D. phaneritic E. nonfoliated Question 13 of 25 What are the textures of metamorphic rocks?9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. clastic or detrital B. foliated or nonfoliated C. coarse or fine D. phaneritic or aphanitic Part 2 of 3 - Crustal Deformation 36.0/ 40.0 Points Question 14 of 25 Forces that act to elongate the crust are associated with ________. A. compression and tension B. compression. C. tension. D. shear. Question 15 of 25 Compression stress is primarily associated with which type of faults? A. strike slip faults B. transform C. normal faults D. reverse faults Question 16 of 259/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points If you snap a green stick into two pieces, it will first undergo __________ deformation, then __________ deformation. A. Elastic; Brittle B. Plastic; Elastic C. Brittle; Plastic D. Brittle; Elastic Feedback: You will notice that you can bend a green stick before breaking it, and the stick can return to its previous shape after pressure is released if the stick is not broken. Question 17 of 25 Imagine you are making a pizza, you start off with the dough for the crust in a large ball. You then begin to roll out the pizza dough with a roller. The result is flattened out dough. In this scenario, what simulates the STRESS that can be applied to rocks? A. the shape of the dough grains B. the stickiness of the dough C. the flattening out of the dough ball D. the force exerted on the dough Question 18 of 25 You are trying to determine the type of structure on a geologic map. You note that the youngest rocks are located on the edge of the structure. What feature is this? A. basin B. anticline C. syncline D. fault9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 19 of 25 A rock is subjected to high stress and does not break, but it also does not return to it’s original shape when the stress is relieved. It can be said that the rock _______ A. is brittle. B. is elastic C. is ductile. D. is strong Question 20 of 25 Tension stress is primarily associated with which type of faults? A. normal B. transform C. strike slip D. reverse Question 21 of 25 Often plate boundaries move in such a way that the crust is neither created nor destroyed, what type of force is this? A. Compression B. Shear C. Normal D. Tension9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points Question 22 of 25 Shear stress is primarily associated with which type of faults? A. thrust faults B. normal faults C. reverse faults D. strike slip faults Question 23 of 25 If a rock layer has a dip of 90 degrees, how is that rock layer oriented relative to a horizontal plane. A. Vertical (perpendicular to level ground) B. Horizontal (parallel to level ground) C. Diagonal (45 degrees from level ground) D. More information is required Feedback: Dip is the angle of inclination of a rock layer from the horizontal. 90 degrees down is vertical. Part 3 of 3 - Weekly Lesson Questions 4.0/ 8.0 Points Question 24 of 25 Which situation will result in ductile deformation? A. High temperature, low confining pressure, high strain rate B. Low strain rate, high temperature, high confining pressure9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. Low strain rate, high confining pressure, low temperature D. Low temperature, low confining pressure, high strain rate Feedback: Weekly Lesson 5- These entire variables encourage ductile deformation. All of the other answers encourage brittle deformation. Question 25 of 25 A foliated metamorphic rock, in order of increasing metamorphic grade, is: A. Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss B. Gneiss, schist, phyllite, slate C. Marble, quartzite, eclogite, gneiss D. limestone, eclogite, marble Feedback: Weekly Lesson 5 - These are the same parent rock and listed in order of increasing grade. Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 6 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 3 - 40.0/ 48.0 Points Question 1 of 25 The water table is located ________. A. at the top of the saturated zone. B. below the confining layer C. at the bottom of the saturated zone. D. is at the surface. Question 2 of 25 Which process from the hydrologic cycle involves solids going directly into a gaseous state? A. Sublimation B. transpiration C. Condensation D. Evaporation ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 3 of 25 Limestone can be a very jointed type of rock. Which drainage pattern would you expect to see as a result? A. Dendritic B. Rectangular C. Trellis D. Radial Question 4 of 25 What forms when the underlying rock is dissolved and the surface collapses? A. crater B. speleothem C. sinkhole D. cavern Question 5 of 25 Transpiration is the process where ________. A. liquid water turns into vapor. B. liquid enters the food chain. C. plants release water vapor. D. plants absorb water vapor Question 6 of 259/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A trellis drainage pattern would be commonly associated with ________. A. rocks that have been faulted. B. Volcanoes C. jointed rock. D. mountainous areas. Question 7 of 25 Condensation is the process where ________. A. Water turns from solid to liquid B. ice melts and gives off steam. C. liquid water turns into vapor D. water vapor turns into a liquid. Question 8 of 25 Which of the following is a natural cause of groundwater pollution? A. E. coli bacteria B. Runoff C. Landfills D. Rocks Question 9 of 25 An unconfined aquifer will have ________.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. a layer of permeable soil or rock above it. B. an aquitard above it. C. a layer of impermeable soil or rock above it. D. a high hydrostatic pressure Question 10 of 25 Ideally aquifers should have ________. A. high porosity and low permeability. B. high porosity and high permeability. C. low porosity and low permeability. D. low porosity and high permeability Question 11 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a consequence of overuse of groundwater? A. earth fissures B. subsidence C. saltwater intrusion D. flooding Question 12 of 25 The appearance of sinkholes and caves in an area is called ________. A. karst topography.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points B. permeable topography. C. limestone topography D. speleothem topography. Part 2 of 3 - Coastlines 40.0/ 44.0 Points Question 13 of 25 Which of these features is found on a submergent coast, with a relative rising sea level? A. Sea arch B. Tombolo C. Lagoon D. Sea stack E. Marine terrace Question 14 of 25 As waves pass, water particles move in __________ motions? A. Sinusoidal B. Circular C. Vertical D. Tranverse E. Horizontal9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 15 of 25 What is the purpose of a jetty? A. Funnel currents away from a marina B. Protect the beach from larger waves C. Provide a new location for a beach D. Keep an entryway to a harbor open E. Stop a beach from eroding away Question 16 of 25 Thermohaline circulation is important for Earth because this process A. Main transportation for ocean life B. Prevents ocean water from freezing by adding salt C. Moves heat around the planet, distributing it D. Brings deep sediments to the surface of the ocean E. Brings surface sediments to the deep parts of the ocean Question 17 of 25 Spits, bars, berms, barrier islands, and other features related to longshore drift are ultimately the result of what? A. Eroding sandstone B. Wave erosion C. Deep currents D. Shallow currents E. Moving sand9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 18 of 25 Which of the following is an example of a coastal hazard? A. tombolo B. berm. C. rip current. D. spit E. baymouth bar Question 19 of 25 1. ____________ causes surface currents, ___________ causes deep currents. A. Density; wind B. Wind; moon C. Wind; density D. Moon; density E. Density; moon Question 20 of 25 How long is a tidal day? A. Exactly 12 hours B. Slightly more than 24 hours C. Exactly 24 hours9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points D. Slightly more than 12 hours E. Depends on the location Question 21 of 25 The Sun and Moon control ________. A. gyres B. waves. C. currents. D. tides. Question 22 of 25 How deep do wave motions go into the water, i.e. the wave base? A. 1/2 amplitude B. Wavelength times amplitude C. Twice wavelength D. 1/2 wavelength E. Twice amplitude Question 23 of 25 What persistent behavior of waves produces longshore drift? A. Angle that waves hit the shoreline B. Wavelength of the waves9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. The number of waves in the wave train D. Speed of the waves E. Fetch of the waves Part 3 of 3 - Weekly Lesson Questions 8.0/ 8.0 Points Question 24 of 25 Braided channels form when the________. A. stream discharge is high B. sediment load is low C. velocity is slow D. the source of sediment is more than the water flow can handle Question 25 of 25 Most liquid freshwater is found in which location? A. Polar ice caps B. Ocean C. Groundwater D. Rivers9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Week 7 Exam (timed and single access) Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 4 - 40.0/ 48.0 Points Question 1 of 25 Which is the most abundant of the naturally occurring greenhouse gases? A. carbon dioxide B. ozone C. methane D. water vapor E. nitrous oxide Question 2 of 25 The most probable cause of anthropogenic warming in the foreseeable future is the increase in _____. ERSC181 I002 Sum 20  Tests & Quizzes Tests & Quizzes9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. chlorine oxides B. ozone C. chlorofluorocarbons D. sunlight E. carbon dioxide Question 3 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of enhanced global warming? A. heat waves B. stronger storms C. enlarged ozone hole D. increased droughts E. flooding of islands Feedback: enlarged ozone hole Question 4 of 25 Evidence of recent climate change is found in _____. A. reduction of sea ice B. ocean acidification9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. decreased crop yields D. all of the above Question 5 of 25 The process by which increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere lead to enhanced growth of vegetation, which then removes CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis is termed a _____. A. Milankovitch Cycle B. negative feedback C. sink D. positive feedback E. reservoir Feedback: Learning Objective 1: Summarizing external and internal factors that cause climate change. Section Reference 1: Natural causes of climate change Question 6 of 25 To distinguish between weather and climate, many scientists use a/an _______year average of data. A. 309/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 0.0/ 4.0 Points B. 50 C. 10 D. one E. 100 Question 7 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of enhanced global warming? A. increased droughts B. enlarged ozone hole C. flooding of islands D. heat waves E. stronger storms Feedback: enlarged ozone hole Question 8 of 25 Data from the past 100 years (years average) indicates that global temperatures have increased approximately _____ °C: A. 0.1 B. 0.2 C. 0.5 D. 1.2 E. 1.59/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 9 of 25 _____ in the atmosphere scatter incoming solar radiation, resulting in the cooling of the planet. A. albedos B. radiatively active gasses C. aerosols D. ozones E. All of the aforementioned. Question 10 of 25 Past climate is best extrapolated by comparing isotopes of _____ gas. A. argon B. carbon C. nitrogen D. chlorine E. oxygen Feedback: oxygen Question 11 of 25 The radiative balance between incoming and outgoing energy is moderated by the _____.9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points A. climate B. global warming C. weather D. atmosphere E. anthroposphere Question 12 of 25 According to a 2004 study published in the prestigious journal of Science, _____ percentage of climate scientists agree that warming is from human activities. A. 5% B. 97% C. 57% D. 75% Part 2 of 4 - Deserts 24.0/ 24.0 Points Question 13 of 25 Which latitudes have sinking air with dry conditions due to atmospheric circulation? A. equator and 30 degrees B. 60 and 90 degrees C. 30 and 90 degrees D. 30 and 60 degrees9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 14 of 25 What is the dominant geologic agent of erosion in most deserts? A. Water B. Dust storms C. Bajadas D. Wind Feedback: Though less abundant in dry climates, water is still the most dominant agent of erosion in most deserts even though wind is an agent of erosion and deposition in some deserts. Question 15 of 25 Which of these desert landforms would most likely be associated with salt flats? A. Ephemeral stream B. Barchan C. Playa D. Arroyo E. Inselberg Question 16 of 25 The term _____ refers to wind-related forces. A. aeolian B. desertification9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points C. saltation D. suspension Feedback: eolian Question 17 of 25 Which of the following is NOT a type of desert? A. Polar B. trade wind C. tropical D. rain shadow Feedback: grassland Question 18 of 25 Why does desertification create even more desert in a positive feedback loop? A. Rocks absorb more solar energy than plants, increasing heat B. Plants help create wind patterns, and they stop when arid conditions occur C. More open spaces absorb even more solar energy, increasing heat D. Drying lakes create dust which amplify and trap solar energy E. Arid conditions kill plants and make soil less able to absorb moisture Part 3 of 4 - Glaciers 24.0/ 24.0 Points9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 19 of 25 When a glacier “advances”, this means ________. A. The terminus of the glacier is moving forward; the glacier is growing B. The glacier is calving into the ocean, where pieces of ice are becoming icebergs C. It is gaining snow as fast as it is losing it; the glacier is not shrinking D. It is flowing downhill towards the end of the glacier Feedback: "Sometimes ice at the bottom of a glacier slides across its bed (the rock or sediment on which the glacier rests). This is called basal sliding." p. 411 Question 20 of 25 How does isostasy relate to glaciation? A. Weight of ice depresses the crust; after melting, crust rebounds and rises. B. It describes the relation between plate tectonics and ice ages over geologic time C. It shows the balance between snow accumulation and glacial advance D. It describe the balance between glacial erosion and glacial deposition Question 21 of 25 In the glacial ice budget, a zone of snow accumulation is balanced by a zone of _____. A. sublimation B. exhalation C. ablation D. abrasion9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points 4.0/ 4.0 Points Question 22 of 25 Glacial ice is formed by _____. A. frozen rivers B. recrystallized snow C. icebergs D. frost wedges Question 23 of 25 In a cross-sectional view of a glacier, where does the ice actually flow internally (ductile deformation)? A. In the area with the largest crevasses B. The upper 500 feet or less than 100 kilopascals C. The lower part of the glacier where stress exceeds 100 kilopascals D. The top 100 feet Question 24 of 25 When was the peak of the last glaciation? 26,5000 to 19,000 years ago 323 to 300 million years ago 420,000 years ago ~2.5 billion years ago A. 10,000 to 12,000 years ago B. 26,5000 to 19,000 years ago C. 323 to 300 million years ago D. 420,000 years ago9/25/2020 APUS CLE : ERSC181 I002 Sum 20 : Tests & Quizzes 0.0/ 4.0 Points Part 4 of 4 - Week 7 Lesson Questions 0.0/ 4.0 Points Question 25 of 25 A moraine is: A. Particles transported and deposited by water. B. A pile of angular, poorly sorted sediment. C. A pile of well sorted, well-rounded particles. D. Formed only when a glacier advances. Feedback: Lesson 7 Powered by Sakai Copyright The Apereo Foundation. All rights reserved. Portions of Sakai are copyrighted by other parties as described in the Acknowledgments screen.