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Summary Onderzoeksmethoden en dataverwerking Deel

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Het document bevat een samenvatting van het eerste semester in de master ergotherapie en gaat over het vak onderzoeksmethoden en dataverwerking.

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Samenvatting Onderzoeksmethoden en
dataverwerking semester 1
1 Onderzoek: Wat, hoe en waarom
Doelen




Wat te kennen uit het boek?

Ch.1: Frameworks for generating and applying evidence

❖ p.2-6 up to ‘models of health and disability’
❖ (The research imperative/ The research process/ Frameworks for clinical Research/ Types of
research)

Ch.2: On the road to translational research

❖ Whole chapter
❖ p.21 from 'Effectiveness research'-p26 'Commentary': You should know the details of
'Pragmatic clinical trials'. For the other terms you should be able to describe the purpose of
the research types and to recognize them
❖ (The translation gap/ The translation continuum/ Effectiveness research/ Outcomes
research/ Implementation studies)

Ch.5: Understanding evidence-based practice

❖ p.54 + fig 5.1 on p.56 (How do we know things?)
❖ p.56-57 (What is EBP?)
❖ (Why is EBP important/ How do we know things/ What is EBP/ The process of EBP/ Levels of
evidence/ Implementing EBP)

,1.1 Hoe komen we aan info? Bron van kennis?
❖ Uit tradities: het was altijd zo
❖ Autoriteit: “het zal wel zo zijn”, als die dat zegt →zelf nadenken!
❖ Ervaringen: wat betekend het voor jou?
❖ Redeneren
o Inductief: omgekeerd van deductief, observatie, patronen, mogelijke hypothese, je komt
tot theorie
o Deductief: je begint met een theorie, hypothese, observatie en bevestiging
❖ Wetenschappelijk bewijs




1.2 Onderzoek volgens het woordenboek




1.3 Types en categorisaties van onderzoek

,1.3.1 Kwalitatief onderzoek VS kwantitatief onderzoek
Kwantitatief: er worden hypothesen getest, logisch positivisme is de filosofie erachter, zeer grote
steekproeven

Kwalitatief: het begrijpen, inzichten, ervaringen, meningen, inductief en de filosofie erachter is
sociaal constructivisme, subjectieve en narratieve informatie aan de hand van verhalen




1.3.1.1 Quantitative research uses Scientific method
→ kwantitatief onderzoek= systematisch, empirisch, gecontroleerd, het is ook oorzaak gevolg, er
wordt kritisch gekeken

Definition: A systematic, empirical, and controlled critical examination of hypothetical propositions
about the associations among natural phenomena

❖ Based on positivist philosophy stating that scientific truths exist and can be studied.
Assumptions: Cause-effect relations
o Nature is regular and events are consistent and predictable
o Events/conditions are not random/accidental
o Causes can be discovered
❖ Karakteristieken: ! Reducing bias!
o Systematic: steps in research process
o Empirical: objective data
o Controlled critical examination: control for factors not related to variable in question
o Critical examination: empirical testing, scrutinity of self and others


1.3.1.2 Scientific method – reduce bias!
❖ Systematische vertekening= BIAS
❖ Pilootstudie: in kleine groep mensen studie uitvoeren

, 1.3.2 Basic vs applied research
Basic onderzoek: de toename van kennis, het begrijpen van hoe iets werkt, het gaat niet over de
toepassing. Experimenten, theoretisch onderzoek Vb.: Hoe sturen zenuwen signalen naar de
hersenen?

AR: toegepast onderzoek= Dit is geen klinisch onderzoek, het gaat over praktische problemen, de
kennis die we opdeden in BR gaan we nu toepassen, hiervan zijn heel veel studies maar deze zijn
praktischer.




1.3.3 Non clinical vs clinical research
Niet klinisch = niet in een klinische of gezondheidszetting , alles wel in deze setting is klinisch

Klinisch onderzoek= patiënt georiënteerd onderzoek, patronen worden beschreven, het gaat om het
gebruik

❖ Patient oriented research
❖ Understand mechanisms
❖ Epidemiology and behavioral studies
o Describe patterns
o Identify preventive and risk factors
❖ Outcomes and health services research
❖ Determine impact of research on population health + utilization of EB interventions

Methode: Controlled clinicals trials word het meest gebruikt

Disciplines: Movement scientists, rehabilitation scientists, epidemiologists, cardiologists



1.3.3.1 Framework voor klinisch onderzoek
Paradigma: set of assumptions, concepts or values that constitute a
framework for viewing reality within an intellectual community.

Frameworks: Evidence based practice (EBP): Making well-informed
decisions for intervention based on combination of factors

Translational research:Application of findings basic science to clinical
issues & Generation of scientific questions based on clinical dilemma’s
(toepassingen van de bevindingen uit de basis sience)

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