BIOS 255N Final Exam Study Guide APIII

Some Diseases • HIV/AIDS o HIV- Human immunodefiencey virus  A person infected who is infected with HIV may be symptom-free for many years, even while the virus is actively attacking the immune system. It is present in the blood and some body fluids, it is most effectively transmitted (spreads from one person to another) ny actions or practices that involve the exchange of blood or body fluids between people. Transmitted in semen or vaginal fluid during unprotected anal, vaginal, or oral sex. o AIDS- is a condition in which a person experiences a telltale assortment of infections due to the progressive destruction of immune system cells.  Represents the end stage of infection by hiv. • Gangrene o Dead tissue caused by an infection or lack of blood flow • Erythroblastosis fetalis o The baby’s blood cells hemolyze because anti-Rh antibodies produced by the mother cross the placenta  A hemolytic anemia of a newborn child that results from the destruction of the infant’s erythrocytes (red blood cells) by antibodies produced by the mother; usually the antibodies are due to an Rh blood type incompatibility.  Mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+ • Mother’s white blood cells attacks the baby’s red blood cells as they would any foreign invader Hemophilia- An inherited inability to produce clotting factor VIII or IX results in the condition known as: • Hemophilia Some definitions • Stroke volume One beat the amount of blood being pumped into one beat  Three factors that regulate stroke volume  Preload, the degree of stretch in the heart before it contracts,  Contractility: The forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricular muscle fibers.  Afterload: The pressure that must be exceeded if ejection of blood from the ventricles is to occur. • Tidal ventilation (volume) o  • Complement o Defense system made up of 30 protein produced by the liver and circulating in blood plasma with the tissue throughout the body. Function: Destroys microbes by phagocytosis, cytolysis, and inflammation. They also prevent recessive damage to the tissue. • Boyle’s Law o Pressure and Volume have an inverse relationship o When Volume Increases, Pressure decreases o When Volume decreases, Pressure increases • Hematocrit o Significant drop in hematocrit indicates anemia, which is a lower-than-normal number of RBC’S  Polycythemia: percentage of RBCS is abnormally high and the hematocrit may be 65% or higher. This raises the viscosity of blood, which increases the resistance to flow and makes blood more difficult for the heart to pump. Also contributes to high blood pressure and increased risk of stroke. Causes: abnormal increase in RBC production, tissue hypoxia, dehydration, blood doping, or the use of EPO by athletes. • Fe