Summary NUR2392 Multidimensional Care II MDC 2 Exam 1 Blueprint

NUR2392 Multidimensional Care II MDC 2 Exam 1 Blueprint NUR2392, MDCII – Examination Blue Print – Exam 1 End-of-Life  Pathophysiology of Death- Death is defined as the cessation of integrated tissue and organ function, manifesting with lack of heartbeat, absence of spontaneous respirations, or irreversible brain dysfunction. S/S of Approaching death- As death nears, patients often have signs and symptoms of decline in  physical function- manifesting as weakness  increased sleep.  anorexia  changes in cardiovascular function  breathing patterns  genitourinary function.  Level of consciousness often declines to lethargy, unresponsiveness, or coma.  Cardiovascular dysfunction leads to decreases in peripheral circulation and poor tissue perfusion manifesting as cold, mottled, and cyanotic extremities.  Blood pressure decreases and often is only palpable.  The dying person’s heart rate may increase, become irregular, and gradually decrease before stopping.  Changes in breathing pattern are common, with breaths becoming very shallow and rapid. Periods of apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respirations (apnea alternating with periods of rapid breathing) are also common. Death occurs when respirations and heartbeat stop. o Management of symptoms Patient and Family Education: Preparing for Self-Management Common Physical Signs and Symptoms of Approaching Death With Recommended Comfort Measures Coolness of Extremities Circulation to the extremities is decreased; the skin may become mottled or discolored. 1. • Cover the patient with a blanket. 2. • Do not use an electric blanket, hot water bottle, or electric heating pad to warm the patient. Increased Sleeping Metabolism is decreased. 1. • Spend time sitting quietly with the patient. 2. • Do not force the patient to stay awake. 3. • Talk to the patient as you normally would, even if he or she does not respond.