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Samenvatting probleem 5: Shakespeare to be

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Dit is een samenvatting van probleem 5 van blok 1.5 Changing man (Ontwikkelingspsychologie).

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Uploaded on
August 30, 2021
Number of pages
4
Written in
2019/2020
Type
Summary

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Probleem 5


Taal bestaat uit:
- Fonologie = klanken
- Morfologie = regels over hoe woorden gevormd worden door klanken
- Semantiek = betekenis van woorden
- Syntax = grammatica  zinsbouw en vervoegingen e.d.
- Pragmatiek = regels voor taalgebruik (in sociale zin) bijv. op je beurt wachten


Taalontwikkeling in fasen:
1. Pre-linguïstic ~ 0-12 maanden ~ voordat ze 1e woordje zeggen
 2 maanden: cooing = klinkerachtige geluiden maken (oe, aa)
 4-6 maanden: babbelen = combinaties van (vaak dezelfde) klanken maken
zonder betekenis (bijv. ‘pa’ vaak herhalen)
 Ouders gebruik Child Directed Speech (CDS) = met hoge toon & korte
zinnetjes. Kind gaat tonen herkennen en soms nadoen
 Receptieve taal  woorden begrijpen
2. Holophrase ~ 12-18 maanden ~ korte woordjes zeggen, soms ook naar dingen wijzen
 Productieve taal  zelf woorden zeggen
 Vooral woorden uit CDS
 Vaak ‘fouten’:
i. Overextension = te specifiek voor iets algemeens (bijv. auto ipv
voertuig)
ii. Underextension = te algemeen voor iets specifieks (bijv. snoepje ipv
pepermuntje)
 Fast mapping = woorden linken aan dingen, vooral die ouders bijv. aanwijzen
(bovenstaande fouten komen hierbij voor)
 Naming explosion (= vocabulary spurt) = van 50 naar 200 woorden
 Syntax bootstrapping = opvullen van woord/woordbetekenis a.d.h.v. huidige
kennis (bijv. kind weet wat buiten is en wat hond is  snapt wat ‘lopen’ is in
de zin ‘de hond loopt buiten’)
 Semantic bootstrapping = 2 woorden die je kent clusteren tot 1 woord (bijv.
auto + band = autoband)
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