SMT112 SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL CITIES Notes
Smart R&D
Technological innovation is the process where an organization (or a group of people working
outside a structured organization) embarks in a journey where the importance of technology as a
source of innovation has been identified as a critical success factor for increased market
competitiveness.
MIT culture of innovation—giant Tetris game
POLAROID—an example of thinking outside the box
BOS (Blue Ocean Strategy) is the simultaneous pursuit of differentiation & low cost to open up a
new market space & create new demand. It is about creating & capturing untested market space,
thereby making the competition irrelevant; Break value/cost trade-off; e.g. QB House: QB House
occupied the Blue Ocean (uncontested market space) between higher-end and lower-end of the
market
Red Ocean Strategy: Make value/cost trade-off; Align the whole system of a company’s activities
with its strategic choice of differentiation or low cost
Michael Porter: No need to be the best, just be different
IDEO BRAINSTORMING RULES
1. Defer Judgment
2. Encourage Wild Ideas
3. Build on the Ideas of Others
4. Stay Focused on the Topic
5. One Conversation at a Time
6. Be Visual
7. Go for Quantity
Creativity is influenced by both personal competencies and organizational conditions
Innovation
1. Think the otherwise unthinkable
2. Be enterprising and inquisitive
3. Be nonconformist and flexible
4. Be open-minded to the irrational and off-beat
5. Take a chance on being wrong and failing
6. Shun cynical, know-all, and perfectionist attitudes
7. Stand up for cranky ideas
,ISRAEL: country of innovation
Bill Gates:
• The quality of education is one of the key factors that has made Israel so unique in the great
companies and partners we've had...
Warren Buffet:
• If you go to the Middle-East looking for oil, you do not need to stop in Israel. But, if you are
looking for brains, for energy and for integrity, the only stop you need is in Israel.
• brains, energy, integrity—only stop in Middle East (Warren Buffet)
• One of the most technologically innovative countries in the world
• Pioneers who built Israel from scratch are real entrepreneurs; took risks
• They are allowed to ask questions, allowed to challenge traditions; constantly question,
challenge
• Role of the military: leadership experience; entrepreneurial training
• R&D; 70 nationalities; integration of multiple nationality through Hebrew language program
• Innovation for global advancement-bringing more prosperity to the world
Silicon Valley is an example of a Tech Cluster Many of the engineers and entrepreneurs who
drove the build-up of Silicon Valley and the dot-com boom were foreign-born. Half of all Silicon
Valley start-ups have one founder who is an immigrant or a first-generation American.
NOTE: A developing and developed country cannot shut itself from foreign talent. The challenge is
how to find the balance.
H-1B Visa is one method used by USA to attract foreign talent—temporarily employ foreign
workers in specialty occupations; duration of stay 3 years extendable to 6 years
Questions to ask yourself if you plan to do a startup:
1. Should I provide a Product or Service?
2. Should I go for Mass Market or Niche Market
(*) What Is Collateral? Refers to an asset that a lender accepts as security for a loan.
Sources of funding for startups: founder’s money, 3fs (family, friends, fools), bank, mnc, venture
capitalist, angel investors, crowdfunding, government grants
Tech Clusters:
1. “tech” clusters are locations where new products (be they goods or services) and production
processes are created that impact multiple parts of the economy. That is, a tech cluster must
have a frontier edge to it, and it must extend beyond refinements to a single industry.
2. An historical perspective also suggests that tech clusters may cease to be.
, 3. Technology is becoming less of a segmented industry—for example, less focused on
manufacturers of personal computers or shrink-wrapped software—and more ubiquitous
and general purpose.
4. There also exists a blurring of industry boundaries, especially as incumbent firms seek to
move out of stagnating industries and towards new profitable opportunities. We map R&D
intensity by industry, as documented by the National Science Foundation (2017), to measure
how much of a city’s employment base is in R&D-intensive fields.
5. Researchers have recently developed new empirical methods to measure tech clusters, as
well. One approach focuses on measuring high-growth entrepreneurship independent of
venture capital data
Smart Healthcare
Healthcare falls under Smart Living in the EU Framework
Smart Living
• Cultural facilities
• Health conditions
• Individual safety
• Housing quality
• Education facilities
• Touristic attractivity
• Social cohesion
Murphy’s Law: If something can go wrong, it will go wrong
Medical device—does not achieve its purpose through chemical action within or on the body (acts
only through physical, mechanical or thermal means); e.g., blood pressure measurement device, MRI
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a diagnostic technique used to create images of the body . . . it
is based on the magnetic fields of the hydrogen atoms . . . By scanning the body, MRI is able to
provide computer-generated images of the body’s internal tissues and organs
Medicinal products (pharmaceuticals)—act through pharmacological, metabolic or immunological
means; chemical action=drug
Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney: AWAK is a wearable dialysis that is “bloodless” as it uses
patient’s own peritoneal membrane as a filter. AWAK, like the natural kidneys, function on a 24/7
basis, it maintains steady-state metabolic and fluid regulation.
Finally, dialysis-on-the-go is made possible by AWAK’s wearability and automation. This enhances
the lifestyle of ESRD patients as they are free from the servitude of current dialysis regimentations
Digital health is about electronically connecting up the points of care so that health information can
be shared securely.
Smart R&D
Technological innovation is the process where an organization (or a group of people working
outside a structured organization) embarks in a journey where the importance of technology as a
source of innovation has been identified as a critical success factor for increased market
competitiveness.
MIT culture of innovation—giant Tetris game
POLAROID—an example of thinking outside the box
BOS (Blue Ocean Strategy) is the simultaneous pursuit of differentiation & low cost to open up a
new market space & create new demand. It is about creating & capturing untested market space,
thereby making the competition irrelevant; Break value/cost trade-off; e.g. QB House: QB House
occupied the Blue Ocean (uncontested market space) between higher-end and lower-end of the
market
Red Ocean Strategy: Make value/cost trade-off; Align the whole system of a company’s activities
with its strategic choice of differentiation or low cost
Michael Porter: No need to be the best, just be different
IDEO BRAINSTORMING RULES
1. Defer Judgment
2. Encourage Wild Ideas
3. Build on the Ideas of Others
4. Stay Focused on the Topic
5. One Conversation at a Time
6. Be Visual
7. Go for Quantity
Creativity is influenced by both personal competencies and organizational conditions
Innovation
1. Think the otherwise unthinkable
2. Be enterprising and inquisitive
3. Be nonconformist and flexible
4. Be open-minded to the irrational and off-beat
5. Take a chance on being wrong and failing
6. Shun cynical, know-all, and perfectionist attitudes
7. Stand up for cranky ideas
,ISRAEL: country of innovation
Bill Gates:
• The quality of education is one of the key factors that has made Israel so unique in the great
companies and partners we've had...
Warren Buffet:
• If you go to the Middle-East looking for oil, you do not need to stop in Israel. But, if you are
looking for brains, for energy and for integrity, the only stop you need is in Israel.
• brains, energy, integrity—only stop in Middle East (Warren Buffet)
• One of the most technologically innovative countries in the world
• Pioneers who built Israel from scratch are real entrepreneurs; took risks
• They are allowed to ask questions, allowed to challenge traditions; constantly question,
challenge
• Role of the military: leadership experience; entrepreneurial training
• R&D; 70 nationalities; integration of multiple nationality through Hebrew language program
• Innovation for global advancement-bringing more prosperity to the world
Silicon Valley is an example of a Tech Cluster Many of the engineers and entrepreneurs who
drove the build-up of Silicon Valley and the dot-com boom were foreign-born. Half of all Silicon
Valley start-ups have one founder who is an immigrant or a first-generation American.
NOTE: A developing and developed country cannot shut itself from foreign talent. The challenge is
how to find the balance.
H-1B Visa is one method used by USA to attract foreign talent—temporarily employ foreign
workers in specialty occupations; duration of stay 3 years extendable to 6 years
Questions to ask yourself if you plan to do a startup:
1. Should I provide a Product or Service?
2. Should I go for Mass Market or Niche Market
(*) What Is Collateral? Refers to an asset that a lender accepts as security for a loan.
Sources of funding for startups: founder’s money, 3fs (family, friends, fools), bank, mnc, venture
capitalist, angel investors, crowdfunding, government grants
Tech Clusters:
1. “tech” clusters are locations where new products (be they goods or services) and production
processes are created that impact multiple parts of the economy. That is, a tech cluster must
have a frontier edge to it, and it must extend beyond refinements to a single industry.
2. An historical perspective also suggests that tech clusters may cease to be.
, 3. Technology is becoming less of a segmented industry—for example, less focused on
manufacturers of personal computers or shrink-wrapped software—and more ubiquitous
and general purpose.
4. There also exists a blurring of industry boundaries, especially as incumbent firms seek to
move out of stagnating industries and towards new profitable opportunities. We map R&D
intensity by industry, as documented by the National Science Foundation (2017), to measure
how much of a city’s employment base is in R&D-intensive fields.
5. Researchers have recently developed new empirical methods to measure tech clusters, as
well. One approach focuses on measuring high-growth entrepreneurship independent of
venture capital data
Smart Healthcare
Healthcare falls under Smart Living in the EU Framework
Smart Living
• Cultural facilities
• Health conditions
• Individual safety
• Housing quality
• Education facilities
• Touristic attractivity
• Social cohesion
Murphy’s Law: If something can go wrong, it will go wrong
Medical device—does not achieve its purpose through chemical action within or on the body (acts
only through physical, mechanical or thermal means); e.g., blood pressure measurement device, MRI
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a diagnostic technique used to create images of the body . . . it
is based on the magnetic fields of the hydrogen atoms . . . By scanning the body, MRI is able to
provide computer-generated images of the body’s internal tissues and organs
Medicinal products (pharmaceuticals)—act through pharmacological, metabolic or immunological
means; chemical action=drug
Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney: AWAK is a wearable dialysis that is “bloodless” as it uses
patient’s own peritoneal membrane as a filter. AWAK, like the natural kidneys, function on a 24/7
basis, it maintains steady-state metabolic and fluid regulation.
Finally, dialysis-on-the-go is made possible by AWAK’s wearability and automation. This enhances
the lifestyle of ESRD patients as they are free from the servitude of current dialysis regimentations
Digital health is about electronically connecting up the points of care so that health information can
be shared securely.
