Summary of management and information systems

Samenvatting management en informatiesystemen

Introduction
Information System (IS) definition
 IS is the combination of people and information technology
(hardware, software and communication).
 IS creates, collects, processes, stores, and distributes useful data &
information in an organization
 IS=IT

Information Management (IM) definition
 The management of IT + business processes + people, to obtain a
strategic objective
 Objective: develop (better) information systems that support
realizing the strategic objectives

Trends in IT: Business applications




1. Mobile computing
 Traditional PCs vs. Mobile
 Implications:
– Increased collaboration
– Manage business in real time
– New ways to reach customers
– Different organization of work
– Different payment methods

2. Social media
 Organizations use social media to encourage employee collaboration or to connect with their
customers

3. Internet of things
 Devices have embedded computers and sensors, enabling connectivity over the Internet
 Applications:
– Smart homes with intelligent appliances

, – Parking spaces
– Traffic control

4. Cloud computing
 Web technologies enable the Internet as the platform for applications and data
 Applications that used to be installed on individual computers are increasingly kept in the cloud
– Gmail, Google Docs, Google Calendar
– Parts of Business Information systems in the cloud
 Trend: From local database to cloud database (e.g. MS Azure, Google cloud sql)

5. Big data / Business analytics
 Value
 Volume
 Variety
 Veracity
 Velocity




 This data can be used in different contexts and different forms.

DIKW model




6. E-commerce / e-business: ‘is commerce accelerated & enhanced by IT
 E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on
online services or over the Internet.

,Different forms of Ecommerce
 Ecommerce: online shop
 E-commerce: web shops that start physical stores
 Recommender systems: Systems that seek to predict the "rating" or "preference" that a user would
give to an item
 Dynamic pricing: Flexible prices for products or services based on current market demands

7. Artificial intelligence
 AI is concerned with two basic ideas [Turban, 2016]:
– studying the thought processes of humans
– representing & duplicating these processes via machines
 “AI is behaviour by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent.”
[Minsky, 1975]
 “AI is the study of how computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better.” [Rich and
Knight, 1991]
 chat bots
– Program that attempts to simulate typed conversation, with the aim of at least temporarily
fooling a human into thinking they were talking to another person/expert
 March of the machines
– EXPERTS warn that “the substitution of machinery for human labour” may “render the
population redundant”

8. Blockchain
 shared digital database, used by a network of actors, to specify contracts or transactions
 Fiddling with transactions is not possible, because everybody has a real-time copy of the database on
his/her computer
– All transactions are stored, so nobody can change items
– All actors in the network can check transactions
 How a blockchain works




Blockchain application 1: cryptocurrency (BitCoin, Ripple, …)
 bitcoin-blockchain, prevents that a bitcoin is spent twice: when you offer a bitcoin the receiving party
can check that you are the owner…

, Blockchain application 2: smart contracts
 Automated contracts via blockchain
– Blockchain as trustmachine
– E.g. store property of a house on the blockchain
 All transactions that require a third party to establish trust, could be registered (in principle) on a
blockchain – Could make transactions: cheaper, more efficient, safer, …
 Applications: voting machines, registration of property, savings accounts, intellectual property,
crowdfunding platform, etc.

Introduction to Business Intelligence/Analytics
What is Data Management?
 “managing data as a valuable resource”




What is Business Intelligence?
 “Data-driven decision-making”
 Transforming data into meaningful information/knowledge to support business decision-making

Data, information, knowledge




 Data
– Items that are the most elementary descriptions of things, events, activities, and transactions
– Internal or external
– Structured or unstructured
 Information
– Organized data that has meaning and value
 Knowledge
– Processed data or information that is applicable to a business decision problem