M&S Exam Solved 100% Correct

M&S Exam Solved 100% Correct System (Encyclopedia Americana) - Answer- An aggregation or assemblage of things so combined as to form an integral or complex whole System (IEEE Standard Dictionary) - Answer- A combination of components that act together to perform a function not possible with any of the individual parts In the study of systems, we are primarily concerned with: - Answer- - quantitative analysis of systems - techniques for system design, control, or use - measurement or evaluation of system performance A system that is the subject of a simulation study often is called the _____ - Answer- Simuland Model - Answer- A physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process Simulation - Answer- A method for implementing a model over time. Also, a technique for testing, analysis, or training in which real world systems are used, or where a model reproduces real world and conceptual systems. Modeling and Simulation - Answer- The process of using: • Models • Simulations • Visualization • Analysis as a basis for making managerial or technical decisions. This includes, but is not limited to, emulators, prototypes, simulations and simulators. Fidelity - Answer- A technical term that characterizes the accuracy of a simulation result compared to the performance of the simuland Resolution - Answer- A technical term that characterizes the level of detail included in the model representing a simuland Scale - Answer- A technical term that characterizes the size of a model representing a simuland or simulation scenario Verification - Answer- Process of demonstrating that the simulation code accurately represents the developer's conceptual description and specification for the system model Validation - Answer- Process of demonstrating the degree to which a model and simulation represents the simuland Static System - Answer- A system in which the output depends only on the input and is independent of the system state Dynamic System - Answer- A system in which the output depends on both the input and the system state State of a System - Answer- The information required at t such that the output y(t), for all tt0, is uniquely determined from this information and from the input x(t) for tt0. State Variables - Answer- State information usually represented components in a vector q(t) State Space - Answer- The set of all possible values that q(t) may take (denoted by Q) Continuous-State System - Answer- A system in which the state space Q consists of vectors which can assume a continuum of values. We say that q(t) ε R (reals). Discrete-State System - Answer- A system in which the state space Q consists of vectors which can assume only a discrete set of values. We say that q(t) ε I (integers). As a consequence, state changes occur at distinct time instants. Event - Answer- A specific instantaneous action or occurrence which results in an instantaneous change of system state Event-Driven Systems - Answer- With each discrete-state transition, we associate an event. Further, we attribute the state transition to the occurrence of the event Time-Driven Systems - Answer- The system response varies as a continuous function of time, even when there is no change in the system input. Thus, the system state appears to evolve simply because time advances Deterministic System - Answer- A system in which all variables are deterministic Stochastic System - Answer- A system in which one or more variables has uncertainty or variability. In this case, the system state becomes a random variable and a probabilistic framework is required to describe system behavior. Continuous-Time System - Answer- A system in which the time variable is represented by a continuous variable; t ε R Discrete-Time System - Answer- A system in which the time variable is represented by a discrete variable, t ε I. Usually, the intervals between time values are equal. The discrete time points are labeled to, t1 = to+T, t2 = to+2T, ... . The variable t is then replaced by an integer k which counts the number of intervals elapsed since the point to. Discrete Event System (DES) - Answer- A discrete-state, event-driven system; state evolution depends entirely on the initial state of the system and the occurrence of asynchronous discrete events over time Continuous System - Answer- A continuous-state, time-driven system; Important characteristics of a continuous system are the initial state Q0 at t = t0 and the input signal x(t) for all time from t = t0 forward. Monte Carlo Simulation - Answer- static, stochastic • Static systems modeled using probability • Simulation of a random experiment • Implemented using spreadsheets and the relative frequency interpretation of probability Discrete Event Simulation - Answer- discrete-state, event driven • Dynamic systems modeled as queuing systems • Simulation of discrete-state, event-driven systems • Implemented using spreadsheets or DES tools (Arena) Continuous Simulation - Answer- continuous state, time driven • Dynamic systems modeled using differential equations • Simulation of continuous-state, time-driven systems • Implemented using spreadsheets or CS tools (Matlab-Simulink) Agent-Based Simulation - Answer- • Generally a bottom up approach to representing human and social systems • Usually stochastic in nature • Implemented in various ways from a computational standpoint Live Simulation - Answer- A simulation consisting of real people operating real systems Virtual Simulation - Answer- A simulation consisting of real people operating simulated systems