Multiple Sclerosis || Perfectly Solved Exam Questions.
MS Etiology correct answers Interaction between genetic predisposition and an inciting
environmental antigen, resulting in an autoimmune response in a susceptible host.
Most common cause of disability in young and middle aged adults
MS Pathophysiology correct answers classically associated with MS is the slowing or stopping
of saltatory conduction of action potentials along myelinated axons in the CNS because of
demyelination
There is some evidence that the pathophysiology is related instead to axonal loss rather than to
demyelination.
T/F MS is more common in men than women correct answers False. Women: Men = 3:1
Average age of onset of MS correct answers ranges from 30.5 to 33 years, though recent
evidence shows that approximately 5% of people with MS had their first symptoms during
childhood.
Common signs and symptoms of MS correct answers (Most to least common)
Fatigue
Heat sensitivity
Difficulty walking
Stiffness and spasms
Bladder problems
Memory and other cognitive problems
Pain & unpleasant sensations
Emotional/Mood problems
Visual disturbances
Dizziness/vertigo
Bowel problems
Tremors
Sexual dysfunction
UE dysfunction
Swallowing dysfunction
Speech dysfunction
Seizures
MS Diagnosis correct answers Diagnostic tools include the history, the clinical neurologic
examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positive findings on testing of cerebrospinal
fluid (elevated IgG index, presence of oligoclonal bands, or both), and visual evoked potentials.
To confirm a diagnosis of MS, there must be evidence of multiple lesions disseminated in both
space (different anatomical locations) and time (onset of different signs and symptoms separated
by at least 30 days).
, revised McDonald Diagnostic Criteria correct answers
What imaging is used to identify and track MS? correct answers MRI (T1 and T2)
Where are lesions most commonly found with MS during diagnosis? correct answers Primarily,
but not exclusively, found within optic nerves, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum,
periventricular white matter
Clinically Isolated Syndrome - MS correct answers People with no previous history of MS who
have a single exacerbation-like event
Refers to a first and single acute demyelinating and/or inflammatory lesion in the CNS with a
duration of at least 24 hours.
Many episodes of CIS are mild and resolve without treatment.
In other cases, treatment with high-dose oral or intravenous methylprednisolone is
recommended.
An MS disease-modifying medication often is recommended to delay a second attack for people
who are considered more likely to progress to clinically diagnosed MS.
What are the 2 ways MS is classified? correct answers Disease subtype
Disease severity
Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) correct answers 55% of all MS cases
Exacerbations (relapses) and remissions can be mild or severe and last days, weeks, or months
Full or partial recovery during remission; can be slow and gradual or almost instantaneous
Important to
differentiate from pseudoexacerbation
Majority of patients eventually develop secondary progressive subtype
Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) correct answers 30% of cases
May or may not have relapses and minor remissions
Steady progression, with or without superimposed relapses and minor remissions
Primary Progressive MS (PPMS) correct answers 10-15% of cases
MS Etiology correct answers Interaction between genetic predisposition and an inciting
environmental antigen, resulting in an autoimmune response in a susceptible host.
Most common cause of disability in young and middle aged adults
MS Pathophysiology correct answers classically associated with MS is the slowing or stopping
of saltatory conduction of action potentials along myelinated axons in the CNS because of
demyelination
There is some evidence that the pathophysiology is related instead to axonal loss rather than to
demyelination.
T/F MS is more common in men than women correct answers False. Women: Men = 3:1
Average age of onset of MS correct answers ranges from 30.5 to 33 years, though recent
evidence shows that approximately 5% of people with MS had their first symptoms during
childhood.
Common signs and symptoms of MS correct answers (Most to least common)
Fatigue
Heat sensitivity
Difficulty walking
Stiffness and spasms
Bladder problems
Memory and other cognitive problems
Pain & unpleasant sensations
Emotional/Mood problems
Visual disturbances
Dizziness/vertigo
Bowel problems
Tremors
Sexual dysfunction
UE dysfunction
Swallowing dysfunction
Speech dysfunction
Seizures
MS Diagnosis correct answers Diagnostic tools include the history, the clinical neurologic
examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positive findings on testing of cerebrospinal
fluid (elevated IgG index, presence of oligoclonal bands, or both), and visual evoked potentials.
To confirm a diagnosis of MS, there must be evidence of multiple lesions disseminated in both
space (different anatomical locations) and time (onset of different signs and symptoms separated
by at least 30 days).
, revised McDonald Diagnostic Criteria correct answers
What imaging is used to identify and track MS? correct answers MRI (T1 and T2)
Where are lesions most commonly found with MS during diagnosis? correct answers Primarily,
but not exclusively, found within optic nerves, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum,
periventricular white matter
Clinically Isolated Syndrome - MS correct answers People with no previous history of MS who
have a single exacerbation-like event
Refers to a first and single acute demyelinating and/or inflammatory lesion in the CNS with a
duration of at least 24 hours.
Many episodes of CIS are mild and resolve without treatment.
In other cases, treatment with high-dose oral or intravenous methylprednisolone is
recommended.
An MS disease-modifying medication often is recommended to delay a second attack for people
who are considered more likely to progress to clinically diagnosed MS.
What are the 2 ways MS is classified? correct answers Disease subtype
Disease severity
Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) correct answers 55% of all MS cases
Exacerbations (relapses) and remissions can be mild or severe and last days, weeks, or months
Full or partial recovery during remission; can be slow and gradual or almost instantaneous
Important to
differentiate from pseudoexacerbation
Majority of patients eventually develop secondary progressive subtype
Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) correct answers 30% of cases
May or may not have relapses and minor remissions
Steady progression, with or without superimposed relapses and minor remissions
Primary Progressive MS (PPMS) correct answers 10-15% of cases
