NURS 516
NURS 516 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
diuretics
- MoA: blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption
- promotes urine excretion
- interferes with normal kidney function
- ADVERSE: hypovolemia (excessive fluid loss), acid-base imbalance, altered electrolyte
levels
furosemide MoA & classification
- loop diuretic; most effective, most urine output
- effective even when glomerular filteration is low
- blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in Henle loop
diuretics indications
used alone or in combo to treat hypertension or edema
furosemide adverse effects
electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, ototoxicity (temp. hearing loss), hypokalemia
general diuretics nursing considerations
- fluid status: I&O, weight, edema, lung sounds
- electrolyte imbalances: anorexia, muscle weakness, numbness, tingly, confusion,
cardiac changes
- renal: Cr, BUN; needs normal kidney function
- hypertension: BP before and after
- SULFA allergy
- hypokalemia: potassium (3.5-5.0)
- orthostatic changes
- take 4-6 hours before bedtime
NURS 516
,NURS 516
hydrochlorothiazide MoA & classification
- thiazide diuretic
- maximum urine flow lower than loop
- ability to promote diuresis is dependent on kidney function (glomerular filteration)
hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects
- nearly identical to loop diuretics except NO OTOXICITY
- photosensitivity, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia
spironolactone MoA and classification
- potassium-sparing diuretic
- modest inc. in urine production + dec. potassium loss
- often used to counteract potassium loss by thiazide and & diuretics
- blocks aldosterone in distal nephron; retention of potassium and inc. excretion of
sodium
spironolactone considerations
- avoid potassium supplements and foods
- take with food
stroke volume is determined by...
- contractibility
- preload
- afterload
atorvastatin MoA & classification
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
- bind and inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
- cleared in the liver
atorvastatin indications
hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, preventing cardiovascular events [MI, stroke,
angia], post-MI therapy, diabetes
atorvastatin adverse/side effects
NURS 516
, NURS 516
- generally well tolerated
- diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, muscle/joint pain, hepatoxicitity
atorvastatin nursing considerations
- needs good liver function
- Assess: lipid panel, serum creatine, muscle pain
- Implement: in the evening
- avoid alcohol and report muscle pain
- consult before starting new meds; numerous drug interactions
- consider healthy diet and exercise in conjunct
heparin MoA & classification
- anticoagulant / drugs that activates antithrombin
- helps antithrombin inactivate clotting factors specifically thrombin and factor Xa
heparin indications
- rapid anticoagulant effects (PE, DVT) (in veins)
- preferred anticoagulant for pregnancies
- used during surgeries
heparin adverse/side effects
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, anemia, bleeding
heparin nursing considerations
- administered through IV only
- watch for pt with uncontrolled bleeding, kidney or liver disease
- Assess: bleeding, aPTT or AntiXa labs, platelets, INR, H/H
- protamine sulfate = reversal agent
- use electric razor
warfarin MoA & classification
- anticoagulant / Vitamin K antagonist
- dec. production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
NURS 516
NURS 516 EXAM 3 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
diuretics
- MoA: blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption
- promotes urine excretion
- interferes with normal kidney function
- ADVERSE: hypovolemia (excessive fluid loss), acid-base imbalance, altered electrolyte
levels
furosemide MoA & classification
- loop diuretic; most effective, most urine output
- effective even when glomerular filteration is low
- blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in Henle loop
diuretics indications
used alone or in combo to treat hypertension or edema
furosemide adverse effects
electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, ototoxicity (temp. hearing loss), hypokalemia
general diuretics nursing considerations
- fluid status: I&O, weight, edema, lung sounds
- electrolyte imbalances: anorexia, muscle weakness, numbness, tingly, confusion,
cardiac changes
- renal: Cr, BUN; needs normal kidney function
- hypertension: BP before and after
- SULFA allergy
- hypokalemia: potassium (3.5-5.0)
- orthostatic changes
- take 4-6 hours before bedtime
NURS 516
,NURS 516
hydrochlorothiazide MoA & classification
- thiazide diuretic
- maximum urine flow lower than loop
- ability to promote diuresis is dependent on kidney function (glomerular filteration)
hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects
- nearly identical to loop diuretics except NO OTOXICITY
- photosensitivity, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia
spironolactone MoA and classification
- potassium-sparing diuretic
- modest inc. in urine production + dec. potassium loss
- often used to counteract potassium loss by thiazide and & diuretics
- blocks aldosterone in distal nephron; retention of potassium and inc. excretion of
sodium
spironolactone considerations
- avoid potassium supplements and foods
- take with food
stroke volume is determined by...
- contractibility
- preload
- afterload
atorvastatin MoA & classification
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
- bind and inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
- cleared in the liver
atorvastatin indications
hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, preventing cardiovascular events [MI, stroke,
angia], post-MI therapy, diabetes
atorvastatin adverse/side effects
NURS 516
, NURS 516
- generally well tolerated
- diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, muscle/joint pain, hepatoxicitity
atorvastatin nursing considerations
- needs good liver function
- Assess: lipid panel, serum creatine, muscle pain
- Implement: in the evening
- avoid alcohol and report muscle pain
- consult before starting new meds; numerous drug interactions
- consider healthy diet and exercise in conjunct
heparin MoA & classification
- anticoagulant / drugs that activates antithrombin
- helps antithrombin inactivate clotting factors specifically thrombin and factor Xa
heparin indications
- rapid anticoagulant effects (PE, DVT) (in veins)
- preferred anticoagulant for pregnancies
- used during surgeries
heparin adverse/side effects
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, anemia, bleeding
heparin nursing considerations
- administered through IV only
- watch for pt with uncontrolled bleeding, kidney or liver disease
- Assess: bleeding, aPTT or AntiXa labs, platelets, INR, H/H
- protamine sulfate = reversal agent
- use electric razor
warfarin MoA & classification
- anticoagulant / Vitamin K antagonist
- dec. production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
NURS 516
