NR-283 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2026 /
2027) Pathophysiology Questions and
Verified Answers 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
Infective endocarditis - correct answer bacterial, inflammation and formation of
vegetation, leads to destruction and permanent damage of the heart valve
Signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis - correct answer new heart murmurs,
signs of impaired heart function
Vegetations - correct answer composed of bacteria surrounded by a platelet/fibrin
layer attached to the underlying endothelium
Pericarditis - correct answer usually secondary to another condition, classified by
cause and type of exudate, may involve simple of the pericardium
Hypertension - correct answer high blood pressure, decreased blood flow through the
kidneys, leading to increased renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone secretion
Predisposing factors to hypertension - correct answer incidence increases with age,
men affected more, incidence in women increases after middle age, genetic factors,
sodium intake, alcohol intake, obesity, smoking, stress
,Primary hypertension - correct answer blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mm
hg, increase in arteriolar vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow
Secondary hypertension - correct answer results from renal or endocrine disease,
pheochromocytoma
Peripheral vascular disease - correct answer includes range of arterial syndromes
that are caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of lower extremity arteries
Signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease - correct answer intermittent
claudication (leg pain), weak peripheral distal pulses
Aortic aneurysm - correct answer localized dilation and weakening of arterial wall,
develops from defect in the medial layer
Signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm - correct answer asymptomatic until rupture,
rupture may lead to moderate bleeding but usually causes severe hemorrhage and
death
Varicose veins - correct answer irregular, dilated, tortuous areas of superficial veins,
in the legs
, Thrombophlebitis - correct answer thrombus development in inflamed vein
Phlebothrombosis - correct answer thrombus forms spontaneously without prior
inflammation, attached loosely
Triad of virchow - correct answer venous stasis
Venous endothelial damage
Hypercoagulable states
Shock - correct answer results from a decreased circulating blood volume, leading to
decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Hypovolemic shock - correct answer loss of circulating blood volume
Cardiogenic shock - correct answer inability of heart to maintain cardiac output to
circulation
Early manifestations of shock - correct answer anxiety, tachycardia, pallor, light-
headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
2027) Pathophysiology Questions and
Verified Answers 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
Infective endocarditis - correct answer bacterial, inflammation and formation of
vegetation, leads to destruction and permanent damage of the heart valve
Signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis - correct answer new heart murmurs,
signs of impaired heart function
Vegetations - correct answer composed of bacteria surrounded by a platelet/fibrin
layer attached to the underlying endothelium
Pericarditis - correct answer usually secondary to another condition, classified by
cause and type of exudate, may involve simple of the pericardium
Hypertension - correct answer high blood pressure, decreased blood flow through the
kidneys, leading to increased renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone secretion
Predisposing factors to hypertension - correct answer incidence increases with age,
men affected more, incidence in women increases after middle age, genetic factors,
sodium intake, alcohol intake, obesity, smoking, stress
,Primary hypertension - correct answer blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mm
hg, increase in arteriolar vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow
Secondary hypertension - correct answer results from renal or endocrine disease,
pheochromocytoma
Peripheral vascular disease - correct answer includes range of arterial syndromes
that are caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of lower extremity arteries
Signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease - correct answer intermittent
claudication (leg pain), weak peripheral distal pulses
Aortic aneurysm - correct answer localized dilation and weakening of arterial wall,
develops from defect in the medial layer
Signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm - correct answer asymptomatic until rupture,
rupture may lead to moderate bleeding but usually causes severe hemorrhage and
death
Varicose veins - correct answer irregular, dilated, tortuous areas of superficial veins,
in the legs
, Thrombophlebitis - correct answer thrombus development in inflamed vein
Phlebothrombosis - correct answer thrombus forms spontaneously without prior
inflammation, attached loosely
Triad of virchow - correct answer venous stasis
Venous endothelial damage
Hypercoagulable states
Shock - correct answer results from a decreased circulating blood volume, leading to
decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
Hypovolemic shock - correct answer loss of circulating blood volume
Cardiogenic shock - correct answer inability of heart to maintain cardiac output to
circulation
Early manifestations of shock - correct answer anxiety, tachycardia, pallor, light-
headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
