NU 334 Exam 1 Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
Psychopath mentally ill or unstable person, especially one showing aggressive antisocial
behavior
Now called antisocial personality disorder
Mental Health The successful adaptation to stressors from internal and external
environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors
-age appropriate
-congruent with local and cultural norms
Mental illness A non successful adaptation to the stressors from the internal and external
environment
Horwitz
Cultural relativism the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Erikson Claims that stress/ conflicts occur within each stage of development
Psychoanalytic Stress occurs with libidinal issues associated with each development
Frued's Theory Psycho sexual begins as an infant
Attachment theory Stress occurs when successful attachment does not occurs during
childhood
,Genetic Model Adaptation to stress impeded as a result of genetic composition
Physiologic Adaption to stress impeded when pathophysiological events occur within the
body
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: Stress occurs when basic needs unmet
What is a Stressor? State of disequilibrium/disharmony between stress and coping
abilities(paraphrased)
Physiologic
Environmental
Cultural
Change/even fear of change
Self-actualization as fulfillment of one's highest potential
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) Holmes and Rahe's measure of stress, which ranks
43 life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.
Lazarus Lazarus stated that cognitive appraisal occurs when a person considers two major
factors that contribute in his response to stress. These two factors include:
1.The threatening tendency of the stress to the individual, and
2. The assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate the stressor and the
stress it produces. * Precursor to CBT
,Physical Responses to Stress -increased heart rate and blood pressure
-rush of adrenaline
-trembling, sweating, rapid breathing
-adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline
-pupils dilate
-circulatory system produces blood-clotting factor
-digestive system slows and liver releases glucose into bloodstream
The General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 1: Alarm Upon encountering a stressor, body
reacts with "fight-or-flight" response and sympathetic nervous system is activated. Hormones
such as cortisol and adrenalin released into the bloodstream to meet the threat or danger.The
body's resources now mobilized.
Stage 2: Resistance Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to
normal levels while body focuses resources against the stressor. Blood glucose levels remain
high, cortisol and adrenalin continue to circulate at elevated levels, but outward appearance of
organism seems normal. Increase HR, BP, breathingBody remains on red alert.
Stage 3: Exhaustion If stressor continues beyond body's capacity, organism exhausts resources
and becomes susceptible to disease and leads to fatigue, burn out, depression, anxiety,
decreased stress tolerance, worsening of psychiatric symptoms
When are the physiologic stages of the fight or flight system initiated? During the Alarm
Reaction stage of the general adaption theory
Anxiety: Peplau +
Mild anxiety Mild anxietyis a positive state of heightened awareness, alertness and
sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person
can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).
, -Associated with daily life
-Allows for thoughts that are logical; client is able to concentrate
-Clients can appear calm and in control
Moderate anxiety Moderate anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on
immediate task only); the person can learn new behavior or solve problems, but not as easily.
Another person can redirect the person to the task.
-Continues to motivate learning
-Can still be attentive and focus, but not optimal
-Dulls perceptions of sensory stimuli
-Client becomes hesitant
-Dull perceptions may cause client's speech rate and volume to increase; may become wordy
-Client may become restless
-May convert anxiety into physical symptoms (HA,N/V,diarrhea, tachycardia)
Severe anxiety Severe anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be
redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms
of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
-Fight or flight stimulated
-Sensory stimuli input becomes disorganized
-May cause perceptions to be distorted
-Impairs concentration and problem
-solving ability
-Results in selective attention, focusing on only one detail
-Results in verbalization of emotional pain
Psychopath mentally ill or unstable person, especially one showing aggressive antisocial
behavior
Now called antisocial personality disorder
Mental Health The successful adaptation to stressors from internal and external
environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors
-age appropriate
-congruent with local and cultural norms
Mental illness A non successful adaptation to the stressors from the internal and external
environment
Horwitz
Cultural relativism the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Erikson Claims that stress/ conflicts occur within each stage of development
Psychoanalytic Stress occurs with libidinal issues associated with each development
Frued's Theory Psycho sexual begins as an infant
Attachment theory Stress occurs when successful attachment does not occurs during
childhood
,Genetic Model Adaptation to stress impeded as a result of genetic composition
Physiologic Adaption to stress impeded when pathophysiological events occur within the
body
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: Stress occurs when basic needs unmet
What is a Stressor? State of disequilibrium/disharmony between stress and coping
abilities(paraphrased)
Physiologic
Environmental
Cultural
Change/even fear of change
Self-actualization as fulfillment of one's highest potential
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) Holmes and Rahe's measure of stress, which ranks
43 life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.
Lazarus Lazarus stated that cognitive appraisal occurs when a person considers two major
factors that contribute in his response to stress. These two factors include:
1.The threatening tendency of the stress to the individual, and
2. The assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate the stressor and the
stress it produces. * Precursor to CBT
,Physical Responses to Stress -increased heart rate and blood pressure
-rush of adrenaline
-trembling, sweating, rapid breathing
-adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline
-pupils dilate
-circulatory system produces blood-clotting factor
-digestive system slows and liver releases glucose into bloodstream
The General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 1: Alarm Upon encountering a stressor, body
reacts with "fight-or-flight" response and sympathetic nervous system is activated. Hormones
such as cortisol and adrenalin released into the bloodstream to meet the threat or danger.The
body's resources now mobilized.
Stage 2: Resistance Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to
normal levels while body focuses resources against the stressor. Blood glucose levels remain
high, cortisol and adrenalin continue to circulate at elevated levels, but outward appearance of
organism seems normal. Increase HR, BP, breathingBody remains on red alert.
Stage 3: Exhaustion If stressor continues beyond body's capacity, organism exhausts resources
and becomes susceptible to disease and leads to fatigue, burn out, depression, anxiety,
decreased stress tolerance, worsening of psychiatric symptoms
When are the physiologic stages of the fight or flight system initiated? During the Alarm
Reaction stage of the general adaption theory
Anxiety: Peplau +
Mild anxiety Mild anxietyis a positive state of heightened awareness, alertness and
sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person
can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).
, -Associated with daily life
-Allows for thoughts that are logical; client is able to concentrate
-Clients can appear calm and in control
Moderate anxiety Moderate anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on
immediate task only); the person can learn new behavior or solve problems, but not as easily.
Another person can redirect the person to the task.
-Continues to motivate learning
-Can still be attentive and focus, but not optimal
-Dulls perceptions of sensory stimuli
-Client becomes hesitant
-Dull perceptions may cause client's speech rate and volume to increase; may become wordy
-Client may become restless
-May convert anxiety into physical symptoms (HA,N/V,diarrhea, tachycardia)
Severe anxiety Severe anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be
redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms
of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
-Fight or flight stimulated
-Sensory stimuli input becomes disorganized
-May cause perceptions to be distorted
-Impairs concentration and problem
-solving ability
-Results in selective attention, focusing on only one detail
-Results in verbalization of emotional pain
