ESTUDYR
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology – Exam 1
Week 1 Module 1 Study Guide
1. Which event best describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Migration of neutrophils from bone marrow
B. Release of cytokines by macrophages
C. Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
D. Formation of antibodies
Rationale: The vascular phase is characterized by vasodilation and opening of capillary pores,
allowing plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the bloodstream and enter injured tissue.
2. Which type of inflammatory fluid is protein-rich and commonly referred to as pus?
A. Transudate
B. Serous exudate
C. Purulent exudate
D. Effusion
Rationale: Purulent exudate contains high protein levels, WBCs, microorganisms, and cellular
debris and is commonly called pus.
3. A localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate is known as:
A. Effusion
B. Transudate
C. Abscess
D. Edema
Rationale: An abscess forms when purulent material becomes encapsulated within tissue.
4. Which process describes chemical signaling that attracts leukocytes to an area of injury?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Chemotaxis
C. Opsonization
D. Leukocytosis
, ESTUDYR
Rationale: Chemotaxis involves chemical mediators guiding WBCs to the site of inflammation.
5. Leukocytosis refers to:
A. Destruction of leukocytes
B. Migration of WBCs into tissue
C. Increased release of WBCs from bone marrow into blood
D. Decreased immune response
Rationale: Leukocytosis is the elevation of circulating WBCs, often seen during infection or
inflammation.
6. Which WBC is most commonly elevated during a bacterial infection?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders to bacterial infections and are responsible for
phagocytosis.
7. An increase in immature neutrophils (bands) indicates:
A. Viral infection
B. Recovery phase
C. Acute or severe bacterial infection
D. Allergic reaction
Rationale: A “left shift” with increased bands reflects rapid bone marrow response to infection.
8. Which mediator resets the hypothalamic temperature center during fever?
A. Histamine
B. Leukotrienes
C. Prostaglandins
D. Fibrinogen
Rationale: Pyrogens stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, which elevates the hypothalamic set
point.
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology – Exam 1
Week 1 Module 1 Study Guide
1. Which event best describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Migration of neutrophils from bone marrow
B. Release of cytokines by macrophages
C. Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
D. Formation of antibodies
Rationale: The vascular phase is characterized by vasodilation and opening of capillary pores,
allowing plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the bloodstream and enter injured tissue.
2. Which type of inflammatory fluid is protein-rich and commonly referred to as pus?
A. Transudate
B. Serous exudate
C. Purulent exudate
D. Effusion
Rationale: Purulent exudate contains high protein levels, WBCs, microorganisms, and cellular
debris and is commonly called pus.
3. A localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate is known as:
A. Effusion
B. Transudate
C. Abscess
D. Edema
Rationale: An abscess forms when purulent material becomes encapsulated within tissue.
4. Which process describes chemical signaling that attracts leukocytes to an area of injury?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Chemotaxis
C. Opsonization
D. Leukocytosis
, ESTUDYR
Rationale: Chemotaxis involves chemical mediators guiding WBCs to the site of inflammation.
5. Leukocytosis refers to:
A. Destruction of leukocytes
B. Migration of WBCs into tissue
C. Increased release of WBCs from bone marrow into blood
D. Decreased immune response
Rationale: Leukocytosis is the elevation of circulating WBCs, often seen during infection or
inflammation.
6. Which WBC is most commonly elevated during a bacterial infection?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders to bacterial infections and are responsible for
phagocytosis.
7. An increase in immature neutrophils (bands) indicates:
A. Viral infection
B. Recovery phase
C. Acute or severe bacterial infection
D. Allergic reaction
Rationale: A “left shift” with increased bands reflects rapid bone marrow response to infection.
8. Which mediator resets the hypothalamic temperature center during fever?
A. Histamine
B. Leukotrienes
C. Prostaglandins
D. Fibrinogen
Rationale: Pyrogens stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, which elevates the hypothalamic set
point.
