HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND
STATISTICAL PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TEST BANK
2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Childhood risk. Answer: conditions before birth and early in
childhood influence health in adult life.
⩥ Risk accumulation. Answer: Ageing is an important marker of the
accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
⩥ Underlying determinants. Answer: a reflection of the major forces
driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization,
urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
⩥ Poverty. Answer: interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious
circle increasing exposure to risks and decreased access to health
services
⩥ Primary prevention. Answer: aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning
hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits, immunizations
,⩥ Secondary prevention. Answer: reduce impact of disease or injury that
has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably
modified work
⩥ Tertiary prevention. Answer: aims to soften impact of ongoing illness.
I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab
⩥ Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP). Answer: materials to
improve cultural competency among health providers to provide
healthcare interventions and other cultural variants
⩥ Marginalization. Answer: Major cause of vulnerability referring to
exposure to a range of possible harms
⩥ Variables at risk for marginalization. Answer: high risk health literacy,
cultural barriers, low english proficiency
⩥ Cultural competence. Answer: a dynamic, fluid, continuous process
whereby an individual, system or health care agency find meaningful
and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
, ⩥ Norms & values. Answer: soecific practices that guide the actions and
decisions of each person in a group based on their culture. Can be
learned or shared.
⩥ Kleinman Explanatory Model. Answer: A set of questions that the
APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient.
⩥ Socioeconomic status. Answer: A measure that takes into account
three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level, education level,
and typ of occupation.
⩥ Disparities. Answer: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or
mortality experiences by one grup relative to another
⩥ Minorities. Answer: a group of people who because of their physical
or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the other in society
⩥ Food desert. Answer: neighborhoods and communities that have
limited access to affordable and nutritious foods
⩥ Social determinants of health. Answer: poverty, education level,
raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare