BKAT STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
◉ ECG changes in an acute MI. Answer: ST elevation in 2 or more
contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle.
EMERGENCY.
◉ Cardiac enzymes. Answer: Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
◉ Changes in CK. Answer: Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
◉ Changes in CK-MB. Answer: Released after myocardial necrosis.
Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
◉ Common conditions that cause a murmur. Answer: Aortic
dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve
regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
,◉ Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR. Answer: (Arterial Dilators)
Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca
channel blockers
◉ Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR. Answer: (Vasopressors)
Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
◉ Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI. Answer: Beta blockers
(atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca
channel blockers
◉ Drugs to increase contractility/SVI. Answer: Positive inotropes,
dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
◉ Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
◉ Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
◉ Complications when using thrombolytics. Answer: Allergic
reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
, ◉ Failure to capture. Answer: Pacer delivers a stimulus at the
appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave
after pacer spike.
◉ Failure to fire/pace. Answer: No pacer spikes seen
◉ Failure to sense. Answer: Pacemaker does not detects heart's
intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic
activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
◉ Normal PR. Answer: 0.12 - 0.20
◉ Normal QRS. Answer: 0.04-0.10
◉ Normal QT. Answer: Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
◉ Vasopressors. Answer: Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin,
milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
◉ Indication for dopamine/Intropin. Answer: Acts on SNS to
increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased
renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
◉ ECG changes in an acute MI. Answer: ST elevation in 2 or more
contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle.
EMERGENCY.
◉ Cardiac enzymes. Answer: Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
◉ Changes in CK. Answer: Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
◉ Changes in CK-MB. Answer: Released after myocardial necrosis.
Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
◉ Common conditions that cause a murmur. Answer: Aortic
dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve
regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
,◉ Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR. Answer: (Arterial Dilators)
Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca
channel blockers
◉ Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR. Answer: (Vasopressors)
Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
◉ Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI. Answer: Beta blockers
(atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca
channel blockers
◉ Drugs to increase contractility/SVI. Answer: Positive inotropes,
dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
◉ Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Venous Dilators -
Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
◉ Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP. Answer: Volume - Colloid,
crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
◉ Complications when using thrombolytics. Answer: Allergic
reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
, ◉ Failure to capture. Answer: Pacer delivers a stimulus at the
appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS wave
after pacer spike.
◉ Failure to fire/pace. Answer: No pacer spikes seen
◉ Failure to sense. Answer: Pacemaker does not detects heart's
intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as intrinsic
activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
◉ Normal PR. Answer: 0.12 - 0.20
◉ Normal QRS. Answer: 0.04-0.10
◉ Normal QT. Answer: Less than 0.48. Varies by age, HR, and gender.
◉ Vasopressors. Answer: Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine,
phenylephrine/neosynephrine, vasopressin/pitressin,
milrinone/Primacor, dobutamine/Dobutrex
◉ Indication for dopamine/Intropin. Answer: Acts on SNS to
increased HR and BP. Indicated for hypotension, low CO, decreased
renal blood flow. Use if patient is bradycardic.
