2026 ACTUAL COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
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What is a primary immunodeficiency state? - ANSWER-
Congenital or inherited
What is a secondary immunodeficiency state? - ANSWER-
Acquired later on in
life
What are the four types of hypersensitivity disorders? -
ANSWER-Type 1: IgE-
Mediated
Type 2: Antibody-
Mediated
Type 3: Complement-
Mediated
Type 4: T-cell-
Mediated
Explain Atopic IgE-Mediated disorders - ANSWER-Heredity
predisposition; local
reaction to common environmental agents, allergic
rhinitis, food allergies
,Explain Nonatopic IgE-Mediated disorders - ANSWER-
Lack the genetic
component and organ specificity of the
atopic disorders
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? - ANSWER-
Autoimmune disease
caused when the immune system attacks its
own tissues
What is Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia? - ANSWER-
Autoimmune disease that
occurs when the body destroys red blood cells faster than
it makes them
What is Pemphigus Vulgaris? - ANSWER-Autoimmune disease
where blisters of
varying sizes break out on the skin and the lining
of the mouth
What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis? - ANSWER-Autoimmune
disease where the
immune system attacks the
thyroid
What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Mechanism? -
ANSWER-Alarm
, What is the second stage of the General Adaptation
Mechanism? - ANSWER-
Resistance
What is the third stage of the General Adaptation
Mechanism? - ANSWER-
Exhaustion
Define cellular adaptation - ANSWER-Cells adapting to changes
in the internal
environment
What is a decrease in cell size? - ANSWER-Atrophy
What is an increase in cell size? - ANSWER-Hypertrophy
What is an increase in the number of cells? - ANSWER-
Hyperplasia
What is a change in form/replacement of adult cells? - ANSWER-
Metaplasia
What is an abnormal cell growth of a specific tissue? -
ANSWER-Dysplasia
What is a loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissues? -
ANSWER-Anaplasia
What are causes of cellular injury? - ANSWER-*Physical Agents