EOSC 110 MIDTERM FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE JUST RELEASED THIS YEAR

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EOSC 110 MIDTERM FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
JUST RELEASED THIS YEAR


Question: What early evidence supported the theory of plate tectonics? (Wegner's Continental

Drift Hypothesis) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Wegner proposes "Pangea" super continent.




He was able to use evidence of:


- Continent edges matching


- Fossil distribution


- Similar rock layers and mountain ranges appear on different continents


- Glaciers were found in places that are now tropical




Question: Why was Wegener's Hypothesis of Continental Drift rejected? - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔It lacked a mechanism to explain how continents could move, leading to skepticism

among scientists.




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Question: What are the seven types of plate boundaries? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Divergent (2

types), Convergent (3 types), Transform (1 type), and Passive (1 type).




Question: What are the driving forces of Plate Tectonics? (describe mantle convection, slab

pull, and ridge push) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔1. Mantle convection: heat currents can move 2

plates apart




2. Slab pull: at subduction zones, the denser plate pulls the rest of the plate down with it




3. Ridge push: at mid-ocean ridges, new hot rock rises and makes the plates slide away from

each other.




Question: How do Hot Spots form? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hot Spots form from plumes of hot

mantle material rising to the surface, indicating plate motion.




Question: Define a mineral. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A mineral is a naturally occurring,

inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.




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Question: Define a metamorphic rock - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Metamorphic is: meta (change)

morph (the shape or form). Metamorphic rocks undergo mineral (chemical) or crystalline

changes to become metamorphic rocks.




Question: Describe how metamorphic rocks fit into the rock cycle - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Sedimentary and igneous rocks are the 'parent' rocks. They undergo changes to

become metamorphic rocks.




Question: List the 4 agents of metamorphism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔1. temperature, 2.

pressure, 3. fluids, 4. time (NO MELTING!!!)




Question: Describe agent 1 of metamorphism: Temperature - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Temperature: Geothermal gradient: change in temperature with depth. Higher

geothermal gradient = higher temperature near the surface. Ex. Divergent boundaries = high

geothermal gradient because magma is close to the surface.




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Question: Describe agent 2 of metamorphism: Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Pressure:

Lithostatic = pressure in all directions.


Directional = not equal, which can produce foliation (layers in rock)




Question: Describe agent 3 of metamorphism: Fluids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Fluids:

Introducing water speeds up the metamorphism process. Cooling magma releases water vapour

which creates fractures (cracks) in the rock. Water carries into the cracks which makes the veins.

The veins usually have quarts (silica) or calcite (carbonate) or gold deposits.




Q:What are the layers of the Earth and their basic properties? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The Earth

consists of the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, each differing in composition and

behavior.




Question: What components make up the lithosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The

lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.




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