HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomic Position - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The body is erect, the feet are slightly
apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.
Superior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Above
Inferior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Below
Anterior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Facing forward
Posterior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Toward the back
Medial - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Toward the midline
Lateral - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Away from the midline; towards the side
Proximal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔closer to point of attachment
,Distal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Farther away from point of attachment
Histology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Study of tissues
Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Group of cells that act together to perform specific
functions
Epithelial cells - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cover, line, and protect the body and its
internal organs
Connective tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Framework of the body, providing
support and structure for the organs
Nerve Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Composed of neurons
Muscle Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal
muscle) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscle tissue); Have
the ability to contract or shorten
Cell - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissues and
organs
Nucleus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contains DNA
, Ribosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Synthesis of proteins; proteins include the
enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body
Mitosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Necessary for growth and repair; in this process
DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells
Meiosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cell division that takes place in the gonads
(ovaries and testes); chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so
when the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization; the zygote will have
correct number of chromosomes
Skin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Largest organ in the body
Epidermis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Outermost protective layer made of dead,
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands, and the associated skin
structures; rests on subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the
superficial muscles
Layers of Epidermis (Outer to Inner) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Anatomic Position - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The body is erect, the feet are slightly
apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.
Superior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Above
Inferior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Below
Anterior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Facing forward
Posterior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Toward the back
Medial - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Toward the midline
Lateral - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Away from the midline; towards the side
Proximal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔closer to point of attachment
,Distal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Farther away from point of attachment
Histology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Study of tissues
Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Group of cells that act together to perform specific
functions
Epithelial cells - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cover, line, and protect the body and its
internal organs
Connective tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Framework of the body, providing
support and structure for the organs
Nerve Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Composed of neurons
Muscle Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal
muscle) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscle tissue); Have
the ability to contract or shorten
Cell - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissues and
organs
Nucleus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contains DNA
, Ribosomes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Synthesis of proteins; proteins include the
enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body
Mitosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Necessary for growth and repair; in this process
DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells
Meiosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cell division that takes place in the gonads
(ovaries and testes); chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so
when the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization; the zygote will have
correct number of chromosomes
Skin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Largest organ in the body
Epidermis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Outermost protective layer made of dead,
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands, and the associated skin
structures; rests on subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the
superficial muscles
Layers of Epidermis (Outer to Inner) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
