HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 100% PASS
*Sagittal Section* - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A cut along the MEDIAN PLANE
Zygote - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid
cell division and develops into an embryo
menstrual cycle - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔regular sequence of events in which an
egg develops and is released from the body
menstrual phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the days of the menstrual cycle on which
menstrual bleeding occurs. 1-5 days.
,follicular phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during
which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures.
This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and
typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle
secretes estrogen during this time period.
ovulation phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔menstrual cycle, phase 2
stimulated by surge in LH
b/c estrogen stops having negative feedback effects at certain threshold --
begins having positive feedback effects
luteal phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during
which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has
ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen
during this time period, which typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the
menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpul luteum is triggered by the same
LH surge that triggers ovulation, however in the absence of LH (levels
quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins to degenerate.
brain stem - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔connects the brain to the spinal cord and is
made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
,Midbrain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A small part of the brain above the pons that
integrates sensory information and relays it upward.
Pons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔sleep and arousal. part of the brain stem
medulla oblongata - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Part of the brainstem that controls vital
life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and
digestion.
Diencephalon - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencephalon - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the midbrain; a region of the brain that
surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes the tectum and the tegmentum
Neutrophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Most abundant white blood cell., The most
abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as
they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
Leukocytes ( B cells and T cells) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔protect the body against
invading organisms and remove dead cells and other
waste from the body. the most important cells of immune system; effective
in fighting infectious organisms, act against a specific foregn molecule
(antigen)
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Monocytes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔*A type of white blood cell that transforms into
macrophages, extends pseudopods, and engulfs huge numbers of
microbes over a long period of time
*An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform
into a macrophage.
Eosinophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔play an importnat role during parasitic
infection. IgG and IgE are bound to the organism and activate eosinohils
via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to release enzymes to
destroy the parasite.
They are also involved in type I hypersensitivity
Basophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
Function in inflammation medication; similar in function to mast cells.
the phase of contraction of a muscle occurs when: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔myosin
binds and releases actin.
each of the following is associated with smooth muscle EXCEPT: A.
intermediate filaments, B. actin, C. Troponin regulation, D. Myosin -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔troponin regulation---A substantial portion of the volume of
2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 100% PASS
*Sagittal Section* - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A cut along the MEDIAN PLANE
Zygote - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid
cell division and develops into an embryo
menstrual cycle - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔regular sequence of events in which an
egg develops and is released from the body
menstrual phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the days of the menstrual cycle on which
menstrual bleeding occurs. 1-5 days.
,follicular phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during
which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures.
This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and
typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle
secretes estrogen during this time period.
ovulation phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔menstrual cycle, phase 2
stimulated by surge in LH
b/c estrogen stops having negative feedback effects at certain threshold --
begins having positive feedback effects
luteal phase - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during
which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has
ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen
during this time period, which typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the
menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpul luteum is triggered by the same
LH surge that triggers ovulation, however in the absence of LH (levels
quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins to degenerate.
brain stem - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔connects the brain to the spinal cord and is
made up of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
,Midbrain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A small part of the brain above the pons that
integrates sensory information and relays it upward.
Pons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔sleep and arousal. part of the brain stem
medulla oblongata - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Part of the brainstem that controls vital
life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and
digestion.
Diencephalon - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencephalon - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the midbrain; a region of the brain that
surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes the tectum and the tegmentum
Neutrophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Most abundant white blood cell., The most
abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as
they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
Leukocytes ( B cells and T cells) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔protect the body against
invading organisms and remove dead cells and other
waste from the body. the most important cells of immune system; effective
in fighting infectious organisms, act against a specific foregn molecule
(antigen)
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Monocytes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔*A type of white blood cell that transforms into
macrophages, extends pseudopods, and engulfs huge numbers of
microbes over a long period of time
*An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform
into a macrophage.
Eosinophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔play an importnat role during parasitic
infection. IgG and IgE are bound to the organism and activate eosinohils
via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to release enzymes to
destroy the parasite.
They are also involved in type I hypersensitivity
Basophils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
Function in inflammation medication; similar in function to mast cells.
the phase of contraction of a muscle occurs when: - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔myosin
binds and releases actin.
each of the following is associated with smooth muscle EXCEPT: A.
intermediate filaments, B. actin, C. Troponin regulation, D. Myosin -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔troponin regulation---A substantial portion of the volume of
