KNES 213 MIDTERM 2026 EXAM PREP SCRIPT
FULL QUESTION SET APPROVED
◉ Determining the Interpretation of the Findings - Study Design.
Answer: Determining the Interpretation of the Findings: The study
design can influence how the findings are interpreted. For example,
in a correlational study, it is important to remember that correlation
does not imply causation. Pre-experimental studies can explore
relationships between variables but are limited by the lack of a
control group (can not eliminate normal changes due to time).
Quasi- experimental studies are limited due to potential selection
biases, and RCT are limited by their sample size, abstraction from
reality (lab environment / or not), and by the level of blinding
imposed (level I-> III).
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Understanding Statistical Analyses.
Answer: Different statistical tests are used depending on the type of
data and the research question. Understanding what these tests
measure and how to interpret their results; statistical tests and p-
values.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Understanding Effect Sizes. Answer:
Measuring magnitude of relationship or difference between groups.
May be statistically significant, but not practically significant.
,◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Considering Confidence Intervals.
Answer: Range of values within which true parameter is likely to fall.
Provides information about the precision of the estimate and can be
more informative than p-values alone.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Interpreting Results in Context.
Answer: Considering the context of the study design, the existing
literature, and the studies limitations.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Implications of the Findings.
Answer: Consider what the findings mean in a broader context. How
do they contribute to the existing body of knowledge? What are the
potential applications or implications in practice? What future
research is needed?
◉ Quantitative Studies Reminder!!. Answer: Statistical analyses are
tools to help us understand data, but they don't replace critical
thinking and scientific reasoning.
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Identifying Themes. Answer: Finding
patterns and themes in qualitative data. Themes should be
representative of the data and should help answer the research
question.
, ◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Understanding Context. Answer:
Context is crucial! Interpreting findings in light of the specific
context in which data was collected
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Considering Multiple Perspectives.
Answer: Taking into account different viewpoints and perspectives
when interpreting results
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Reflecting on Researcher's Role.
Answer: Considering biases and assumptions of researcher
conducting the study - and how it can effect the findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Triangulation. Answer: Using
multiple methods, data sources, researchers or theoretical
perspectives to study the same phenomenon. Enhances credibility
and validity of findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Member Checking. Answer: Sharing
findings with participants to see if they feel the results accurately
represent their experiences - this ensures validity in findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Rich, Thick Descriptions. Answer:
Providing detailed descriptions of phenomena being studied. Help
readers to understand the context and interpret the findings
FULL QUESTION SET APPROVED
◉ Determining the Interpretation of the Findings - Study Design.
Answer: Determining the Interpretation of the Findings: The study
design can influence how the findings are interpreted. For example,
in a correlational study, it is important to remember that correlation
does not imply causation. Pre-experimental studies can explore
relationships between variables but are limited by the lack of a
control group (can not eliminate normal changes due to time).
Quasi- experimental studies are limited due to potential selection
biases, and RCT are limited by their sample size, abstraction from
reality (lab environment / or not), and by the level of blinding
imposed (level I-> III).
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Understanding Statistical Analyses.
Answer: Different statistical tests are used depending on the type of
data and the research question. Understanding what these tests
measure and how to interpret their results; statistical tests and p-
values.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Understanding Effect Sizes. Answer:
Measuring magnitude of relationship or difference between groups.
May be statistically significant, but not practically significant.
,◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Considering Confidence Intervals.
Answer: Range of values within which true parameter is likely to fall.
Provides information about the precision of the estimate and can be
more informative than p-values alone.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Interpreting Results in Context.
Answer: Considering the context of the study design, the existing
literature, and the studies limitations.
◉ Quantitative Studies Results - Implications of the Findings.
Answer: Consider what the findings mean in a broader context. How
do they contribute to the existing body of knowledge? What are the
potential applications or implications in practice? What future
research is needed?
◉ Quantitative Studies Reminder!!. Answer: Statistical analyses are
tools to help us understand data, but they don't replace critical
thinking and scientific reasoning.
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Identifying Themes. Answer: Finding
patterns and themes in qualitative data. Themes should be
representative of the data and should help answer the research
question.
, ◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Understanding Context. Answer:
Context is crucial! Interpreting findings in light of the specific
context in which data was collected
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Considering Multiple Perspectives.
Answer: Taking into account different viewpoints and perspectives
when interpreting results
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Reflecting on Researcher's Role.
Answer: Considering biases and assumptions of researcher
conducting the study - and how it can effect the findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Triangulation. Answer: Using
multiple methods, data sources, researchers or theoretical
perspectives to study the same phenomenon. Enhances credibility
and validity of findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Member Checking. Answer: Sharing
findings with participants to see if they feel the results accurately
represent their experiences - this ensures validity in findings
◉ Qualitative Studies Results - Rich, Thick Descriptions. Answer:
Providing detailed descriptions of phenomena being studied. Help
readers to understand the context and interpret the findings
