1
NR226
NR 226/ NR226 Final Exam: Fundamentals Patient Care
(2026 Update) | Questions & Answers with Rationale|
Grade A| 100% Correct
1. The nurse is assessing a client with hypercalcemia. Which findings should the
nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Confusion
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Numbness/tingling
E. Pallor
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B
RATIONALE: Hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal disturbances such as
nausea/vomiting and neurological changes like confusion. Hyperreflexia and
numbness/tingling are associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
NR226
, 2
NR226
2. A nurse reviews lab values and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L. Which client is
at highest risk for this result?
A. A client taking furosemide
B. A client in renal failure
C. A client taking a multivitamin
D. A client admitted to hospice
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases sodium excretion,
leading to hyponatremia.
3. The body’s fluid and electrolyte balance is partially maintained by hormonal
regulation. Which statement shows correct understanding?
A. “The pituitary secretes aldosterone.”
B. “The kidneys secrete antidiuretic hormone.”
C. “The adrenal cortex secretes antidiuretic hormone.”
D. “The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone.”
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and
released by the posterior pituitary gland to regulate water balance.
NR226
, 3
NR226
4. The nurse reads in a progress note “insensible fluid loss of approximately 700 mL
daily.” Through which route does this occur?
A. The GI tract
B. Urine output
C. Skin and respiration
D. Wound drainage
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Insensible fluid loss occurs through the skin (perspiration) and lungs
(respiration) and is not easily measured.
5. A senior nursing student delegates intake and output to UAP. Which statement by
the UAP indicates understanding?
A. “I will record the amount of all voided urine.”
B. “I will not count liquid stools as output.”
C. “I will not record a café mocha as intake.”
D. “I will notate perspiration and record it as a small or large amount.”
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: All urine output must be measured and recorded. Liquid stools are
considered output, and all oral fluids, including café mocha, count as intake.
NR226
, 4
NR226
6. A nurse is inserting an IV. After the initial stick, the nurse continues to advance
the catheter when:
A. The catheter advances easily
B. Blood return shows in the flashback chamber
C. The vein is distended under the needle
D. The client does not complain of discomfort
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Blood return in the flashback chamber confirms entry into the vein
before advancing the catheter.
7. A client is depressed because an only child left for college. How should the nurse
classify this depression?
A. Actual loss
B. Perceived loss
C. Situational loss
D. Maturational loss
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Maturational loss occurs as part of normal life transitions, such as
children leaving home.
NR226
NR226
NR 226/ NR226 Final Exam: Fundamentals Patient Care
(2026 Update) | Questions & Answers with Rationale|
Grade A| 100% Correct
1. The nurse is assessing a client with hypercalcemia. Which findings should the
nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Nausea and vomiting
B. Confusion
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Numbness/tingling
E. Pallor
CORRECT ANSWER: A, B
RATIONALE: Hypercalcemia causes gastrointestinal disturbances such as
nausea/vomiting and neurological changes like confusion. Hyperreflexia and
numbness/tingling are associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
NR226
, 2
NR226
2. A nurse reviews lab values and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L. Which client is
at highest risk for this result?
A. A client taking furosemide
B. A client in renal failure
C. A client taking a multivitamin
D. A client admitted to hospice
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases sodium excretion,
leading to hyponatremia.
3. The body’s fluid and electrolyte balance is partially maintained by hormonal
regulation. Which statement shows correct understanding?
A. “The pituitary secretes aldosterone.”
B. “The kidneys secrete antidiuretic hormone.”
C. “The adrenal cortex secretes antidiuretic hormone.”
D. “The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone.”
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and
released by the posterior pituitary gland to regulate water balance.
NR226
, 3
NR226
4. The nurse reads in a progress note “insensible fluid loss of approximately 700 mL
daily.” Through which route does this occur?
A. The GI tract
B. Urine output
C. Skin and respiration
D. Wound drainage
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Insensible fluid loss occurs through the skin (perspiration) and lungs
(respiration) and is not easily measured.
5. A senior nursing student delegates intake and output to UAP. Which statement by
the UAP indicates understanding?
A. “I will record the amount of all voided urine.”
B. “I will not count liquid stools as output.”
C. “I will not record a café mocha as intake.”
D. “I will notate perspiration and record it as a small or large amount.”
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: All urine output must be measured and recorded. Liquid stools are
considered output, and all oral fluids, including café mocha, count as intake.
NR226
, 4
NR226
6. A nurse is inserting an IV. After the initial stick, the nurse continues to advance
the catheter when:
A. The catheter advances easily
B. Blood return shows in the flashback chamber
C. The vein is distended under the needle
D. The client does not complain of discomfort
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Blood return in the flashback chamber confirms entry into the vein
before advancing the catheter.
7. A client is depressed because an only child left for college. How should the nurse
classify this depression?
A. Actual loss
B. Perceived loss
C. Situational loss
D. Maturational loss
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Maturational loss occurs as part of normal life transitions, such as
children leaving home.
NR226
