THEORIES OF COUNSELLING AND
PSYCHOTHERAPY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
Counsellors can decide how much to focus on clients' backgrounds but should
at least touch on it - ✔✔According to our textbook, how should counsellors
utilize clients' histories in their work
Carl Rogers - ✔✔All of the following are founders of Psychodynamic models
EXCEPT: Freud, Rogers, Adler, or Jung
Nazi Germany and the Holocaust - ✔✔Which historical events most likely
contributed to much of Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
,Id, Ego, and Superego - ✔✔Freud understood that personality consists of which
three structures
Id - ✔✔Which system of personality is concerned with obtaining pleasure
Oral (first year; related to later mistrust and rejection issues), Anal (ages 1-3;
related to later personal power issues), Phallic (ages 3-6; related to later sexual
attitudes), Latency (ages 6-12; a time of socialization), Genital (ages 12-60;
sexual energies are invested in life) - ✔✔List Freud's Stages of Development
Ego - ✔✔This system of personality is concerned with the reality principle
Superego - ✔✔This system of personality is concerned with the moral principle
False - ✔✔T/F: All defense mechanisms are harmful
False - ✔✔T/F: Transference refers to the counselor's feelings about the client
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
, Sublimation- aggressive/sexual energy used in appropriate ways
Affiliation- turning to others for support
Altruism- deriving satisfaction from helping others
Anticipation- considering the probable consequences of future events
Humor- focusing on the amusing aspects of the situation - ✔✔List and briefly
describe healthy defense mechanisms
Avoidance- refusing to deal with troubling situations or experiences
Passive Aggression- expressing anger/hostility in indirect ways
Projection- attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, emotions, or actions
to another
Acting Out- exhibiting negative behaviors rather than using thoughts or
emotions to deal with situations - ✔✔List and briefly describe potentially
maladaptive defense mechanisms
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
PSYCHOTHERAPY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
Counsellors can decide how much to focus on clients' backgrounds but should
at least touch on it - ✔✔According to our textbook, how should counsellors
utilize clients' histories in their work
Carl Rogers - ✔✔All of the following are founders of Psychodynamic models
EXCEPT: Freud, Rogers, Adler, or Jung
Nazi Germany and the Holocaust - ✔✔Which historical events most likely
contributed to much of Freud's theory of Psychoanalysis
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
,Id, Ego, and Superego - ✔✔Freud understood that personality consists of which
three structures
Id - ✔✔Which system of personality is concerned with obtaining pleasure
Oral (first year; related to later mistrust and rejection issues), Anal (ages 1-3;
related to later personal power issues), Phallic (ages 3-6; related to later sexual
attitudes), Latency (ages 6-12; a time of socialization), Genital (ages 12-60;
sexual energies are invested in life) - ✔✔List Freud's Stages of Development
Ego - ✔✔This system of personality is concerned with the reality principle
Superego - ✔✔This system of personality is concerned with the moral principle
False - ✔✔T/F: All defense mechanisms are harmful
False - ✔✔T/F: Transference refers to the counselor's feelings about the client
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
, Sublimation- aggressive/sexual energy used in appropriate ways
Affiliation- turning to others for support
Altruism- deriving satisfaction from helping others
Anticipation- considering the probable consequences of future events
Humor- focusing on the amusing aspects of the situation - ✔✔List and briefly
describe healthy defense mechanisms
Avoidance- refusing to deal with troubling situations or experiences
Passive Aggression- expressing anger/hostility in indirect ways
Projection- attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, emotions, or actions
to another
Acting Out- exhibiting negative behaviors rather than using thoughts or
emotions to deal with situations - ✔✔List and briefly describe potentially
maladaptive defense mechanisms
©morren 2025/2026. Year published 2026.
