Test Bank Complete_ Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications 5th Edition, (2021) Stephen M. Stahl (Author) All Chapters 1-13

TEST BANK FOR STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
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NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 5TH EDITION
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, Stahl'sEssentialPsychopharmacology
Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications jj jj jj jj


TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 1 Chemical neurotransmissions ss ss



MULTIPLE CHOICE ss



1. A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression isa
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chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the
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theorythat depression primarily involves which of the following
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neurotransmitters?
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a. Cortisol and GABA ss ss




b. COMT and glutamate s ss




c. Monamine and glycine ss ss



d. Serotonin and norepinephrine ss ss



ANS: D
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One possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more
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neurotransmitters.Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



important in the regulation of depression. There is no research to support that the
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other options play a significant role in the development of depression.
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2. A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that
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has resulted in damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to
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reinforce thisdiagnosis? ss



a. Observingthe patient pickup a spoon s ss ss s ss ss




b. Askingthe patient to recitethe alphabet s ss ss ss s ss




c. Monitoringthe patients blood pressure s ss ss ss



d. Comparingthe patients grip strength in both hands s s ss ss ss ss ss



ANS: B
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Accidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak
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(i.e., motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and
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s muscle strengthare notcontrolled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.
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3. The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic
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medications are always prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be
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based on information thatthe therapeutic actionof psychotropic drugs isthe
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result of their
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effect on: ss



a. The temporal lobe; especially Wernickes area ss s ss s ss




b. Dendrites and their abilitytotransmit electrical impulses ss ss s s s ss ss




c. The regulation of neurotransmitters especiallydopamine
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d. Theperipheral nervous systemsensitivityto thepsychotropic medications
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,ANS: C ss



Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic
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cleftand have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of
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schizophrenia, on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the
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sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system are not relevant to either
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schizophrenia or psychotropic medications.
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4. Astudent nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary tohave to
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struggle withunderstanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic
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system. The mentor would base aresponse on the understanding that it is:
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Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus ss ss ss ss ss ss ss


a. primarilyonbehavioral interventions ss




A complex undertakingthat advance practicepsychiatric nurses
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b. frequentlyusein their practice ss ss ss




Important primarilyfor thenursing assessment ofpatients ss s s s ss ss s


c. withbraintraumacaused cognitive symptoms
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Necessaryfor planningpsychiatric care for allpatients s ss s ss ss ss s


d. especiallythoseexperiencing psychiatric disorders
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ANS: D ss



Nurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have a
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neurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. This
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understanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of
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knowledge is notused exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor
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is it relevant for only behavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with
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the results of normal and abnormal brain function is a responsibilityof all nurses
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providing all types ofcare tothe psychiatric patient.
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5. A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be
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caused byherchronic depression? Which response issupported by
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research data?
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a. Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.
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b. There have been no researchstudies doneon stress and disease yet.
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c. Stressdoes cause the releaseof factorsthat suppress the immune system. s ss ss ss s ss s ss ss s ss



d. There appears tobe littleconnection between stress and diseases of thebody ss ss s ss s ss s ss ss s ss s



ANS: C
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Research indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors
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that suppress the immune system. Studiesindicatethatpsychiatric disorders suchas
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mooddisorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the
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immune system.Research does not support a connection between many cancers
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and stress. There is a significant amount of research about stress and the body.
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Research has shown that there are some connections between stress and
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physicaldisease.
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, 6. A patient who has a parietal lobe injury is being evaluated for
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psychiatric rehabilitation needs. Of the aspects of functioning listed,
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which will the nurseidentifyas a focus of nursing intervention?
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a. Expression of emotion ss ss




b. Detecting auditory stimuli ss ss




c. Receivingvisual images s ss




d. Processingassociations s



ANS: D
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The parietal lobe is responsible for associating and processing sensory
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informationthat allows for functions such as following directions on a map, reading ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



a clock, dressing self, keeping appointments, and distinguishing right from left.
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Emotional expression is associated with frontal lobe function. Detecting auditory
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stimuli is a temporal lobe function. Receiving visual images is related to occipital
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lobe function.
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7. At admission, the nurse learns that some time ago the patient had an
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infarct in theright cerebral cortex. During assessment, the nurse would expect
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to find that the patient:
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a. Demonstrates major deficiencies in speech ss ss ss ss




b. Is unable to effectively hold a spoonin thelefthand
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c. Has difficulty explaininghow togo about using the telephone ss s s s ss ss ss ss



d. Cannot use his right hand to shave himself or comb his own hair ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



ANS: B
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The cerebral hemispheres are responsible for functions such as control of
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muscles.The right hemisphere mainly controls the motor and sensory functions
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on the left sideof the body. Damage to the right side would result in impaired
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function on the left side of the body. The motor cortex controls voluntary motor
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activity.
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Brocas area controls motor speech. Cognitive functions are attributed to the
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association cortex.
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The right side of thebodys motor activity is controlled bytheleft cerebral cortex.
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8. A patient with chronic schizophrenia had a stroke involving the
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hippocampus. Thepatient will be discharged on low doses of haloperidol. The
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nurse will need toindividualize the patients medication teaching by:
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a. Includingthe patients caregiver in the education s ss ss ss ss ss




b. Beingcareful to stress theimportance oftaking the medication as prescribed
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Providing the education at a time when the patient is emotionally
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c. A ss




d.
ANS: