2
Jersey College A&P Final Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || || ||
solutions
what is the lymphatic system? - ✔✔system of tissues and vessels scattered throughout the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and services almost all regions
|| || || ||
what are the parts of the lymphatic system? - ✔✔tonsils, thymus, spleen, peyer patch, small
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
intestine, appendix, lymph nodes and vessels
|| || || || ||
functions of the lymphatic system - ✔✔fluid balance, protection, and absorption of fats
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphatic circulation is - ✔✔one-way system that begins in the tissues and ends when the lymph
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
joins the blood
|| ||
lymphatic capillaries - ✔✔walls (endothelium) flattened epithelial cells, more permeable, cells
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
overlap slightly, forming one-way valves, lacteals absorb fat, arise blindly (closed at one end)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphatic vessels - ✔✔include superficial and deep sets, right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
right lymphatic duct - ✔✔short vessel receives only lymph that comes from the body's superior
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
right quadrant and empties into right subclavian vein near heart
|| || || || || || || || ||
thoracic duct - ✔✔receives lymph from all parts of the body except those superior to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
diaphragm on the right side; drains into thee left subclavian vein
|| || || || || || || || || ||
cisterna chyli - ✔✔first part of the thoracic duct enlarged to form cistern or a temp storage pouch
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
movement of lymph toward heart is caused by: - ✔✔valves in lymphatic vessels
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
contraction of lymphatic vessels || || ||
,2
skeletal muscle contraction || ||
breathing
roughly how many lymph nodes are in the body? - ✔✔about 600
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphoid tissue - ✔✔distributed throughout the body and makes up specialized organs
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymph nodes - ✔✔small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymph - ✔✔fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, clear fluid;
|| || || || || || || || || ||
hilum - ✔✔indented area that is the exit point for efferent lymphatic vessels carrying lymph out
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of the node
|| ||
cervical nodes - ✔✔located in the neck in deep and superficial groups, drain parts of head and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neck
axillary nodes - ✔✔located in armpits
|| || || || ||
tracheobronchial nodes - ✔✔near the trachea and around the larger bronchial tubes || || || || || || || || || || ||
mesenteric nodes - ✔✔found between the two layers of peritoneum that form the mesentry, 100-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
150 nodes
||
Inguinal nodes - ✔✔located in groin region, receive lymph drainage from lower extremities and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from external reproductive organs
|| || ||
buboes - ✔✔enlarged Inguinal nodes
|| || || ||
,2
the spleen - ✔✔cleanses blood through filtration and phagocytosis, destroys old blood cells,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
produces red blood cells before birth, serves as a reservoir for blood
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
splenectomy - ✔✔surgical removal of the the spleen || || || || || || ||
lacteals - ✔✔specialized lymphatic capillaries in the lining of the small intestine that absorb fats
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the thymus - ✔✔plays a role in early immune system development, t cells mature, shrinks after
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
puberty, produce thymosin || ||
appendix - ✔✔fingerlike tube of lymphatic tissue that figures into the development of immunity
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) - ✔✔important barrier against infection; found in || || || || || || || || || || ||
portions of digestive, respiratory, and urogenital mucosal linings; helps to destroy contaminants
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
by means of phagocytosis and production of antibodies
|| || || || || || ||
gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) - ✔✔largest aggregations of MALT found in the || || || || || || || || || || || ||
digestive tract ||
tonsils - ✔✔protect against inhaled or ingested contaminants; trap pathogens;surgery to treat if
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
become infected or swollen and reoccurs which makes swallowing and breathing difficult
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
palatine tonsils - ✔✔oval bodies located at each side of the soft palate; generally what one refers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to as "tonsils"
|| ||
pharyngeal tonsil - ✔✔commonly called adenoid; located behind the nose on the posterior wall of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pharynx
||
lingual tonsils - ✔✔little mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
lymphadenopathy - ✔✔disease of the lymph nodes || || || || || ||
lymphedema - ✔✔swelling that obstructs lymph flow || || || || || ||
four phases of respiration - ✔✔pulmonary ventilation, external gas exchange, gas transport in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood, and internal gas exchange
|| || || ||
pulmonary ventilation - ✔✔exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs (alveoli) of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the lungs
||
external gas exchange - ✔✔occurs in the lungs as oxygen diffuses from the air sacs into the blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood to be eliminated
|| || || || || || || || ||
gas transport in the blood - ✔✔circulating blood carries gases between the lungs and the tissues,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
supply oxygen to the cells and bring back carbon dioxide
|| || || || || || || || ||
internal gas exchange - ✔✔occurs in tissues as oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Oxygen does what for our cells? - ✔✔helps break down nutrients
|| || || || || || || || || ||
respiration - ✔✔process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cells
everything in the lower respiratory tract can be what - ✔✔life or death
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood - ✔✔asthma
|| || || || || || || ||
Jersey College A&P Final Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || || ||
solutions
what is the lymphatic system? - ✔✔system of tissues and vessels scattered throughout the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and services almost all regions
|| || || ||
what are the parts of the lymphatic system? - ✔✔tonsils, thymus, spleen, peyer patch, small
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
intestine, appendix, lymph nodes and vessels
|| || || || ||
functions of the lymphatic system - ✔✔fluid balance, protection, and absorption of fats
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphatic circulation is - ✔✔one-way system that begins in the tissues and ends when the lymph
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
joins the blood
|| ||
lymphatic capillaries - ✔✔walls (endothelium) flattened epithelial cells, more permeable, cells
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
overlap slightly, forming one-way valves, lacteals absorb fat, arise blindly (closed at one end)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphatic vessels - ✔✔include superficial and deep sets, right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
right lymphatic duct - ✔✔short vessel receives only lymph that comes from the body's superior
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
right quadrant and empties into right subclavian vein near heart
|| || || || || || || || ||
thoracic duct - ✔✔receives lymph from all parts of the body except those superior to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
diaphragm on the right side; drains into thee left subclavian vein
|| || || || || || || || || ||
cisterna chyli - ✔✔first part of the thoracic duct enlarged to form cistern or a temp storage pouch
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
movement of lymph toward heart is caused by: - ✔✔valves in lymphatic vessels
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
contraction of lymphatic vessels || || ||
,2
skeletal muscle contraction || ||
breathing
roughly how many lymph nodes are in the body? - ✔✔about 600
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymphoid tissue - ✔✔distributed throughout the body and makes up specialized organs
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymph nodes - ✔✔small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
lymph - ✔✔fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, clear fluid;
|| || || || || || || || || ||
hilum - ✔✔indented area that is the exit point for efferent lymphatic vessels carrying lymph out
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of the node
|| ||
cervical nodes - ✔✔located in the neck in deep and superficial groups, drain parts of head and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
neck
axillary nodes - ✔✔located in armpits
|| || || || ||
tracheobronchial nodes - ✔✔near the trachea and around the larger bronchial tubes || || || || || || || || || || ||
mesenteric nodes - ✔✔found between the two layers of peritoneum that form the mesentry, 100-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
150 nodes
||
Inguinal nodes - ✔✔located in groin region, receive lymph drainage from lower extremities and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from external reproductive organs
|| || ||
buboes - ✔✔enlarged Inguinal nodes
|| || || ||
,2
the spleen - ✔✔cleanses blood through filtration and phagocytosis, destroys old blood cells,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
produces red blood cells before birth, serves as a reservoir for blood
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
splenectomy - ✔✔surgical removal of the the spleen || || || || || || ||
lacteals - ✔✔specialized lymphatic capillaries in the lining of the small intestine that absorb fats
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the thymus - ✔✔plays a role in early immune system development, t cells mature, shrinks after
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
puberty, produce thymosin || ||
appendix - ✔✔fingerlike tube of lymphatic tissue that figures into the development of immunity
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) - ✔✔important barrier against infection; found in || || || || || || || || || || ||
portions of digestive, respiratory, and urogenital mucosal linings; helps to destroy contaminants
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
by means of phagocytosis and production of antibodies
|| || || || || || ||
gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) - ✔✔largest aggregations of MALT found in the || || || || || || || || || || || ||
digestive tract ||
tonsils - ✔✔protect against inhaled or ingested contaminants; trap pathogens;surgery to treat if
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
become infected or swollen and reoccurs which makes swallowing and breathing difficult
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
palatine tonsils - ✔✔oval bodies located at each side of the soft palate; generally what one refers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to as "tonsils"
|| ||
pharyngeal tonsil - ✔✔commonly called adenoid; located behind the nose on the posterior wall of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pharynx
||
lingual tonsils - ✔✔little mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
lymphadenopathy - ✔✔disease of the lymph nodes || || || || || ||
lymphedema - ✔✔swelling that obstructs lymph flow || || || || || ||
four phases of respiration - ✔✔pulmonary ventilation, external gas exchange, gas transport in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood, and internal gas exchange
|| || || ||
pulmonary ventilation - ✔✔exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs (alveoli) of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the lungs
||
external gas exchange - ✔✔occurs in the lungs as oxygen diffuses from the air sacs into the blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood to be eliminated
|| || || || || || || || ||
gas transport in the blood - ✔✔circulating blood carries gases between the lungs and the tissues,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
supply oxygen to the cells and bring back carbon dioxide
|| || || || || || || || ||
internal gas exchange - ✔✔occurs in tissues as oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Oxygen does what for our cells? - ✔✔helps break down nutrients
|| || || || || || || || || ||
respiration - ✔✔process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cells
everything in the lower respiratory tract can be what - ✔✔life or death
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood - ✔✔asthma
|| || || || || || || ||
