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A & P II FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through
intracellular __________.
a. ions
b. deactivators
c. second messengers
d. nucleotides - - ANS✔️--c. second messengers
Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis
a. synthesis of hemoglobin
b. production of vacuoles
c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus
d. production of ribosomes - - ANS✔️--b. production of vacuoles
Red blood cells contain ___% hemoglobin
a. 50
b. 82
c. 97
d. 100 - - ANS✔️--c. 97
Which of the following is not a function of blood
a. controlling endocrine glands
b. transporting oxygen
c. distributing heat
d. producing antibodies - - ANS✔️--a. controlling endocrine glands
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What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis?
a. brain
b. kidney
c. pancreas
d. liver - - ANS✔️--b. kidney
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
a. vascular spasm
b. fibrinolysis
c. coagulation
d. platelet plug formation - - ANS✔️--b. fibrinolysis
The first phase of erythrocyte production is
a. hemoglobin synthesis
b. ejection of the nucleus
c. ribosome synthesis
d. reticulocyte formation - - ANS✔️--c. ribosome synthesis
All blood cells develop from
a. hemocytoblasts
b. ejection of the nucleus
c. myeloid stem cells
d. lymphoid stem cells - - ANS✔️--a. hemocytoblasts
Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell?
a. lymphocyte
b. erythrocyte
c. monocyte
d. any blood cell - - ANS✔️--a. lymphocyte
The life span of a red blood cell is about
a. 4 days
b. 4 weeks
c. 4 months
d. 4 years - - ANS✔️--c. 4 months
After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile,
which helps us digest food?
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a. globin
b. bilirubin
c. heme
d. ferritin - - ANS✔️--b. bilirubin
Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood
cells
a. bi-concave shape
b. they contain mostly hemoglobin
c. spectrin in their plasma membrane
d. all of the above - - ANS✔️--d. all of the above
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.
a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
b. the heart rate would increase
c. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate
d. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract - - ANS✔️--b.
the heart rate would increase
the critical factor controlling stroke volume is
a. preload
b. afterload
c. contractility
d. sympathetic stimulation - - ANS✔️--a. preload
Isovolumetric contraction ________.
a. occurs only in people with heart valve defects
b. occurs while the AV valves are open
c. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely
closed chambers - - ANS✔️--d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when
the ventricles are completely closed chambers
The most important factor in the regulation of the heart rate is
a. acidosis
b. autonomic nervous system stimulation
c. stroke volume
d. extracellular calcium levels - - ANS✔️--b. autonomic nervous system stimulation
Which of the following is not a difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
A & P II FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through
intracellular __________.
a. ions
b. deactivators
c. second messengers
d. nucleotides - - ANS✔️--c. second messengers
Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis
a. synthesis of hemoglobin
b. production of vacuoles
c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus
d. production of ribosomes - - ANS✔️--b. production of vacuoles
Red blood cells contain ___% hemoglobin
a. 50
b. 82
c. 97
d. 100 - - ANS✔️--c. 97
Which of the following is not a function of blood
a. controlling endocrine glands
b. transporting oxygen
c. distributing heat
d. producing antibodies - - ANS✔️--a. controlling endocrine glands
,2|Page
What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis?
a. brain
b. kidney
c. pancreas
d. liver - - ANS✔️--b. kidney
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
a. vascular spasm
b. fibrinolysis
c. coagulation
d. platelet plug formation - - ANS✔️--b. fibrinolysis
The first phase of erythrocyte production is
a. hemoglobin synthesis
b. ejection of the nucleus
c. ribosome synthesis
d. reticulocyte formation - - ANS✔️--c. ribosome synthesis
All blood cells develop from
a. hemocytoblasts
b. ejection of the nucleus
c. myeloid stem cells
d. lymphoid stem cells - - ANS✔️--a. hemocytoblasts
Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell?
a. lymphocyte
b. erythrocyte
c. monocyte
d. any blood cell - - ANS✔️--a. lymphocyte
The life span of a red blood cell is about
a. 4 days
b. 4 weeks
c. 4 months
d. 4 years - - ANS✔️--c. 4 months
After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile,
which helps us digest food?
, 3|Page
a. globin
b. bilirubin
c. heme
d. ferritin - - ANS✔️--b. bilirubin
Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood
cells
a. bi-concave shape
b. they contain mostly hemoglobin
c. spectrin in their plasma membrane
d. all of the above - - ANS✔️--d. all of the above
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.
a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
b. the heart rate would increase
c. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate
d. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract - - ANS✔️--b.
the heart rate would increase
the critical factor controlling stroke volume is
a. preload
b. afterload
c. contractility
d. sympathetic stimulation - - ANS✔️--a. preload
Isovolumetric contraction ________.
a. occurs only in people with heart valve defects
b. occurs while the AV valves are open
c. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely
closed chambers - - ANS✔️--d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when
the ventricles are completely closed chambers
The most important factor in the regulation of the heart rate is
a. acidosis
b. autonomic nervous system stimulation
c. stroke volume
d. extracellular calcium levels - - ANS✔️--b. autonomic nervous system stimulation
Which of the following is not a difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
