BIOD 331 Module 2 Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
\Q\.What is cancer? - ANSWERS✔-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
\Q\.What is neoplasia? - ANSWERS✔-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth
of cells or tissues in the body
\Q\.What is neoplasm? - ANSWERS✔-The new growth itself
\Q\.Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - ANSWERS✔-Hypertrophy
and hyperplasia
\Q\.Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - ANSWERS✔-
Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
\Q\.Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - ANSWERS✔-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
\Q\.What is proliferation? - ANSWERS✔-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell
growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
\Q\.Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - ANSWERS✔-Genetic
abnormalities
,\Q\.What is differentiation? - ANSWERS✔-Process by which cells become more specialized with
each mitotic division
\Q\.What is apoptosis? - ANSWERS✔-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or
unwanted cells
\Q\.What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWERS✔-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for
the cell to proliferate
\Q\.What do tumor suppressor genes do? - ANSWERS✔-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit
cell growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
\Q\.What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis stops while the cell
enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
\Q\.What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2
separate sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
\Q\.What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis again stops while
RNA/protein synthesis continues.
\Q\.The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ - ANSWERS✔-Interphase
\Q\.What are cell cycle checkpoints? - ANSWERS✔-Means of molecular surveillance used to
ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
\Q\.What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
, \Q\.Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from one mitotic
division to the next. - ANSWERS✔-Skin's squamous epithelium
\Q\.What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - ANSWERS✔-G0 or
resting phase
\Q\.Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - ANSWERS✔-1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
\Q\.What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - ANSWERS✔-Neurons
(highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
\Q\.What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - ANSWERS✔-Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
\Q\.Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until prompted. -
ANSWERS✔-Blood loss or tissue injury
\Q\.Define cell proliferation - ANSWERS✔-Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell
division.
\Q\.In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is __________ to the number of
cells dying or being shed. - ANSWERS✔-Equivalent
Exam 2026 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
\Q\.What is cancer? - ANSWERS✔-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
\Q\.What is neoplasia? - ANSWERS✔-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth
of cells or tissues in the body
\Q\.What is neoplasm? - ANSWERS✔-The new growth itself
\Q\.Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - ANSWERS✔-Hypertrophy
and hyperplasia
\Q\.Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - ANSWERS✔-
Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
\Q\.Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - ANSWERS✔-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
\Q\.What is proliferation? - ANSWERS✔-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell
growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
\Q\.Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - ANSWERS✔-Genetic
abnormalities
,\Q\.What is differentiation? - ANSWERS✔-Process by which cells become more specialized with
each mitotic division
\Q\.What is apoptosis? - ANSWERS✔-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or
unwanted cells
\Q\.What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWERS✔-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for
the cell to proliferate
\Q\.What do tumor suppressor genes do? - ANSWERS✔-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit
cell growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
\Q\.What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis stops while the cell
enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
\Q\.What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2
separate sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
\Q\.What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-DNA synthesis again stops while
RNA/protein synthesis continues.
\Q\.The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ - ANSWERS✔-Interphase
\Q\.What are cell cycle checkpoints? - ANSWERS✔-Means of molecular surveillance used to
ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
\Q\.What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWERS✔-Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
, \Q\.Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from one mitotic
division to the next. - ANSWERS✔-Skin's squamous epithelium
\Q\.What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - ANSWERS✔-G0 or
resting phase
\Q\.Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - ANSWERS✔-1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
\Q\.What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - ANSWERS✔-Neurons
(highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
\Q\.What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - ANSWERS✔-Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
\Q\.Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until prompted. -
ANSWERS✔-Blood loss or tissue injury
\Q\.Define cell proliferation - ANSWERS✔-Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell
division.
\Q\.In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is __________ to the number of
cells dying or being shed. - ANSWERS✔-Equivalent
