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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTdt dt
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ................................................................................................................ 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................... 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................... 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems.................................................................................................. 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................................ 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................... 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing.............................................................. 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................... 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression............................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .............................................................. 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ................................................................................ 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................. 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics .............................................................................................. 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, th
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e trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natur
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
al selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
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ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce mel
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anin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack o
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f melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as
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abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populatio
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ns the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a lo
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w level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, th
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natur
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
al selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are vi
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ewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Alb
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inos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
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Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to sun dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
light, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows the
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m extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that caus
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e albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other c
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ultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency. dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is I
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NCORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics dt
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics dt dt dt dt dt
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: e dt
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles dt dt dt dt
b. mechanism of DNA replication dt dt dt
c. gene expression patterns dt dt
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: a dt
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d dt
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
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b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally an
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d metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
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c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Sp
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ecies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
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e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
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ANSWER: d dt
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 1
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0,000 and 12,000 years ago. dt dt dt dt
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
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c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
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d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
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e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
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ANSWER: d dt
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
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d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
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e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
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ANSWER: c dt
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of in
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heritance?
a. fruit flies dt
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b dt
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
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www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Benjamin A. Pierce
dt dt
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTdt dt
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 3
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................... 15
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ................................................................................................................ 32
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................... 59
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................... 98
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
dt dt dt
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems.................................................................................................. 139
dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................................ 152
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................... 181
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing.............................................................. 198
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................... 224
dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression............................................................................................................... 244
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .............................................................. 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ................................................................................ 298
dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................. 314
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
dt dt dt
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ........................................................................................................................ 346
dt dt dt
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics .............................................................................................. 366
dt dt dt dt dt
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
dt dt dt dt
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, th
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natur
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
al selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce mel
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
anin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack o
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
f melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populatio
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ns the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a lo
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
w level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, th
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natur
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
al selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are vi
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership. Alb
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
inos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to sun dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
light, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows the
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
m extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that caus
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other c
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency. dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is I
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
NCORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics dt
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
dt dt
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
dt dt dt
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics dt dt dt dt dt
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: e dt
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles dt dt dt dt
b. mechanism of DNA replication dt dt dt
c. gene expression patterns dt dt
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: a dt
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d dt
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally an
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
d metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
dt dt dt dt dt
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of Sp
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ecies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: d dt
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately 1
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
0,000 and 12,000 years ago. dt dt dt dt
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: d dt
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
dt dt dt
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
dt dt dt dt
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
dt dt dt
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
dt dt dt
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
dt dt dt dt
ANSWER: c dt
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of in
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
heritance?
a. fruit flies dt
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b dt
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
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