ESTUDYR
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Final
Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers Summary
|Module 1 |Portage Learning
Question 1
What is the primary focus of microscopic anatomy, which differentiates it from gross anatomy?
● Investigating the functions of organ systems
● ✅Analyzing structures using a microscope
● Examining the effects of diseases on organ systems
● Studying the exterior features of the body
Rationale: Microscopic anatomy focuses on examining cells, tissues, and small structures that
cannot be seen with the naked eye, often using light or electron microscopy.
Question 2
Which type of cells construct and maintain the tissues of the human body, containing
membrane-bound organelles?
● Viral cells
● Prokaryotic cells
● ✅Eukaryotic cells
● Bacterial cells
Rationale: Human cells are eukaryotic, with a nucleus and organelles, which differentiate them
from prokaryotic (bacteria) and viral structures.
Question 3
What is the main role of mitochondria in cellular physiology?
● They form vesicles that transport proteins and lipids.
● They are involved in packaging and shipping cellular materials.
● They produce digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules.
● ✅They convert chemical energy from food into ATP through aerobic cellular
respiration.
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation to fuel metabolic processes.
Question 4
Which subatomic particle carries a positive electrical charge within the atom?
● Nucleus
● ✅Proton
● Neutron
● Electron
Rationale: Protons are positively charged and located in the nucleus, whereas neutrons are
neutral and electrons are negatively charged.
Question 5
Match the following elements with their approximate percentage of total human body mass:
● H → ✅9.5%
● O → ✅65%
● N → ✅3.2%
● C → ✅ 18.5%
Rationale: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the four most abundant elements,
forming the majority of organic molecules and water in the body.
Question 6
Which of the following represents an anabolic process, where smaller molecules are combined
to form larger biomolecules?
● Lipolysis
● Cellular respiration
● Glycolysis
● ✅Protein synthesis
Rationale: Anabolic reactions, like protein synthesis, build macromolecules and require energy
input, unlike catabolic reactions that break molecules down.
, ESTUDYR
Question 7
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
● Ionic bond
● Hydrogen bond
● ✅Covalent bond
● Van der Waals interaction
Rationale: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell,
stabilizing the molecule.
Question 8
Which type of chemical bond forms between oppositely charged ions, such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻?
● Covalent bond
● ✅Ionic bond
● Hydrogen bond
● Peptide bond
Rationale: Ionic bonds form through the electrostatic attraction of positively and negatively
charged ions.
Question 9
Which macromolecule serves as the primary energy storage and source for the body?
● Proteins
● Lipids
● Nucleic acids
● ✅Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates, such as glucose and glycogen, provide immediate and stored energy
for cellular activities.
Question 10
Which lipid type is essential for forming cell membranes and producing steroid hormones?
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Final
Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers Summary
|Module 1 |Portage Learning
Question 1
What is the primary focus of microscopic anatomy, which differentiates it from gross anatomy?
● Investigating the functions of organ systems
● ✅Analyzing structures using a microscope
● Examining the effects of diseases on organ systems
● Studying the exterior features of the body
Rationale: Microscopic anatomy focuses on examining cells, tissues, and small structures that
cannot be seen with the naked eye, often using light or electron microscopy.
Question 2
Which type of cells construct and maintain the tissues of the human body, containing
membrane-bound organelles?
● Viral cells
● Prokaryotic cells
● ✅Eukaryotic cells
● Bacterial cells
Rationale: Human cells are eukaryotic, with a nucleus and organelles, which differentiate them
from prokaryotic (bacteria) and viral structures.
Question 3
What is the main role of mitochondria in cellular physiology?
● They form vesicles that transport proteins and lipids.
● They are involved in packaging and shipping cellular materials.
● They produce digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules.
● ✅They convert chemical energy from food into ATP through aerobic cellular
respiration.
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation to fuel metabolic processes.
Question 4
Which subatomic particle carries a positive electrical charge within the atom?
● Nucleus
● ✅Proton
● Neutron
● Electron
Rationale: Protons are positively charged and located in the nucleus, whereas neutrons are
neutral and electrons are negatively charged.
Question 5
Match the following elements with their approximate percentage of total human body mass:
● H → ✅9.5%
● O → ✅65%
● N → ✅3.2%
● C → ✅ 18.5%
Rationale: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are the four most abundant elements,
forming the majority of organic molecules and water in the body.
Question 6
Which of the following represents an anabolic process, where smaller molecules are combined
to form larger biomolecules?
● Lipolysis
● Cellular respiration
● Glycolysis
● ✅Protein synthesis
Rationale: Anabolic reactions, like protein synthesis, build macromolecules and require energy
input, unlike catabolic reactions that break molecules down.
, ESTUDYR
Question 7
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
● Ionic bond
● Hydrogen bond
● ✅Covalent bond
● Van der Waals interaction
Rationale: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell,
stabilizing the molecule.
Question 8
Which type of chemical bond forms between oppositely charged ions, such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻?
● Covalent bond
● ✅Ionic bond
● Hydrogen bond
● Peptide bond
Rationale: Ionic bonds form through the electrostatic attraction of positively and negatively
charged ions.
Question 9
Which macromolecule serves as the primary energy storage and source for the body?
● Proteins
● Lipids
● Nucleic acids
● ✅Carbohydrates
Rationale: Carbohydrates, such as glucose and glycogen, provide immediate and stored energy
for cellular activities.
Question 10
Which lipid type is essential for forming cell membranes and producing steroid hormones?
